Filter assemblies; components and features thereof; and, methods of use and assembly

ABSTRACT

Air cleaner assemblies, components therefor, and features thereof are described. Also described are methods of assembly and use. In depicted examples, the air cleaner assemblies and components optionally use advantageous housing seal features. Also, an advantageous resonator/sonic choke arrangement, which is optional and which can be used without the advantageous housing seal, is described. Methods of assembly and use are described.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application includes disclosures of, with edits, U.S.Provisional 61/712,454, filed Oct. 11, 2012; U.S. 61/565,114, filed Nov.30, 2011; and, U.S. provisional 61/551,741, filed Oct. 26, 2011. Thecomplete disclosures of each of U.S. provisional U.S. 61/712,454;61/565,114; and, 61/551,741 are incorporated herein by reference. Aclaim of priority is made to each of U.S. 61/712,454; 61/565,114; and,61/551,741 to the extent appropriate.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates to filter assemblies, for example aircleaner assemblies, and components and features thereof, and methods ofassembly and use. The filter assemblies comprise a housing having aremovable and replaceable filter cartridge therein. The filter cartridgeis optionally configured with a housing seal arrangement, to advantage.Various features of filter housings and/or the cartridges are described,which can provide for advantage. Methods of assembly and use aredescribed. An optional, advantageous, resonator/sonic choke arrangementis described.

BACKGROUND

Air or other gas filtering is desirable in a number of systems. Atypical application is in the filtration of intake air to internalcombustion engines. Another is in the filtration of crankcaseventilation filter assemblies. Typically, such systems comprise filterassemblies having a serviceable filter cartridge therein. After a periodof use, filter media within a filter housing requires servicing, eitherthrough cleaning or complete replacement. Typically, for an air cleaneror crankcase ventilation filter assembly used with an internalcombustion engine, for example on a vehicle, the filter media iscontained in a removable and replaceable, i.e. serviceable, component,typically referred as a filter element or cartridge. The filtercartridge is configured to be removably sealed within the air cleaner,in use.

Improvements in filter arrangements relating to assembly,serviceability, use are desirable.

SUMMARY

Filter assemblies (such as air cleaner assemblies or crankcaseventilation filter assemblies) components therefor; and, featuresthereof are described. Also described are methods of assembly and use.The filter assemblies generally comprise a housing having a filtercartridge removably positioned therein. An example filter cartridge isdepicted which has a housing seal surface comprising a radially directedsurface having a plurality of radially outwardly projecting sectionsspaced, for example, by radially inwardly projecting sections.

In certain example arrangements depicted, the housing optionallyincludes a joint, with a portion thereof located between two housingseals positioned on the cartridge, to advantage.

Selected principles of the present application can be applied in filtercartridges which do not include two housing seals, but rather whichinclude a single advantageous housing seal. In an example arrangement, aradially directed seal surface comprises a plurality of spaced lobes, oroutwardly projecting (for example convex) sections, for exampleseparated by optional non-straight sections, such as, for example,opposite inwardly projecting (for example concave) sections.

In certain example depicted, a radially directed surface is providedthat is generally circular for a housing seal.

Certain applications of techniques described herein, filter cartridgesare provided which include two housing seals thereon, which are eachgenerally radially directed but which differ in outer perimeter size,typically one being substantially larger than the other. With suchapplications, both seals may be circular, alternatives are possible asdiscussed and shown.

There is no specific requirement that an air cleaner assembly, componenttherefor, or feature thereof include all of the detail characterizedherein, to obtain some advantage according to the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevational view of an air cleaner assemblyaccording to the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic second side elevational view of the air cleanerassembly of FIG. 1, the view of FIG. 2 being taken from the right ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic third side elevational view of the air cleanerassembly of FIGS. 1 and 2, with portions shown in cross-section todepict internal detail.

FIG. 3A is an enlarged fragmentary schematic cross-sectional view of aselected portion of FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 is a schematic outlet end perspective view of a filter cartridgeusable in the air cleaner assembly of FIG. 1-3.

FIG. 5 is a schematic side elevational view of the filter cartridgedepicted in FIG. 4, with portions shown in cross-sectional view todepict internal detail.

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a molding at a first, open, end ofthe filter cartridge of FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the molding of FIG. 6,taken along line 7-7 thereof.

FIG. 8 is schematic, enlarged, fragmentary view of an identified portionof the molding in

FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is an outlet end schematic view of a support component of thefilter cartridge of FIG. 4

FIG. 10 is a schematic side elevational view of the support component ofFIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a schematic end view of the component of FIG. 10; the view ofFIG. 11 being taken toward the left end of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a second schematic end view of the component of FIGS. 9 and10; the view of FIG. 12 being taken toward an end opposite that of FIG.11.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary schematic view of an identifiedportion of FIG. 10.

FIG. 14 is an enlarged fragmentary schematic cross-sectional view of anidentified portion of FIG. 11.

FIG. 15 is an enlarged fragmentary schematic cross-sectional view of aselected portion of the support component depicted in FIGS. 9 and 10.

FIG. 16 is an enlarged fragmentary schematic view of a selected portionof FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is a schematic perspective view of a housing section of theassembly of FIG. 1-3.

FIG. 18 is a schematic side elevational view of the housing sectiondepicted in FIG. 17.

FIG. 19 is a schematic end view of the housing portion of FIG. 17-18.

FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the housing section ofFIG. 19, taken along line 20-20, FIG. 19.

FIG. 21 is an enlarged schematic, fragmentary schematic view of aselected portion of FIG. 20.

FIG. 22 is a schematic perspective view of a flow tube component of theassembly of FIGS. 1-3.

FIG. 23 is a schematic side elevational view of the component of FIG.22.

FIG. 24 is a schematic plan view of the component of FIGS. 23 and 24.

FIG. 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken generally along line25-25, FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 is an enlarged schematic fragmentary view of a selected portionof FIG. 25.

FIG. 27 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view taken generallyalong line 27-27, FIG. 23.

FIG. 28 is an enlarged, schematic, fragmentary view of an identifiedportion of FIG. 27.

FIG. 29 is a schematic end view of a second end cap molding of thecartridge of FIG. 4.

FIG. 30 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the molding of FIG. 29,taken generally along line 30-30, FIG. 29.

FIG. 31 is a schematic end perspective view of the second housingsection of the assembly of FIG. 1-3.

FIG. 32 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of the housing sectionof FIG. 31, taken along line 32-32, FIG. 31.

FIG. 33 is a schematic side elevational view of a second embodiment ofan air cleaner assembly according to the present disclosure; the view ofFIG. 33 being a cross-section taken along line 33-33, FIG. 33A; in FIG.33, certain molded-in-place portions on an end cap of the cartridge notbeing shown so that internal structural detail is viewable.

FIG. 33A is an access cover end plan view of the assembly depicted inFIG. 33; in FIG. 33A, line 33-33 indicating the cross-section of FIG.33.

FIG. 33B is an enlarged fragmentary view of an identified portion ofFIG. 33.

FIG. 33C is a schematic cross-sectional view analogous to FIG. 33, butshowing selected variations of the second embodiment of the air cleanerassembly; the view of FIG. 33 including a depiction of molded-in-placeportions of two end caps.

FIG. 33D is an enlarged fragmentary schematic view of selected portionsof FIG. 33C.

FIG. 33E is a perspective view of a housing usable with the variation ofFIGS. 33C-D.

FIG. 34 is a schematic, closed end view of a filter cartridge using theassembly of FIG. 33.

FIG. 34A is a schematic outlet end perspective view of the filtercartridge of FIG. 34.

FIG. 34B is a schematic closed end perspective view of the filtercartridge of a variation of FIGS. 33C-33D.

FIG. 34C is a schematic outlet end perspective view of the filtercartridge of FIG. 34B.

FIG. 35 is a schematic side elevational view of the filter cartridgedepicted in FIG. 34, with portions shown broken away and incross-section to indicate internal detail.

FIG. 35A is a schematic side elevational view of the filter cartridge ofFIG. 34C.

FIG. 35B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the filter cartridge ofFIG. 35A.

FIG. 36 is a schematic open end plan view of the filter cartridge ofFIG. 35.

FIG. 36A is a plan view of an outlet end of the filter cartridge ofFIGS. 35A-35B.

FIG. 37 is a schematic closed end perspective view of the filtercartridge of FIG. 35.

FIG. 37A is a plan view of a closed end of the filter cartridge of FIGS.35A-35B.

FIG. 38 is a schematic outlet end plan view of an internal component ofthe filter cartridge of FIG. 35.

FIG. 39 is a schematic side elevational view of the component of FIG.38.

FIG. 40 is a schematic outlet end plan view of the component of FIG. 38.

FIG. 41 is a schematic end view of the component of FIG. 39; the view ofFIG. 41 being taken toward and opposite end of that shown in FIG. 40.

FIG. 42 is an enlarged fragmentary schematic cross-sectional view of thecomponent depicted in FIG. 39.

FIG. 43 is an enlarged fragmentary schematic cross-sectional view of anidentified portion of FIG. 42.

FIG. 44 is a schematic fragmentary plan view of a portion of FIG. 40.

FIG. 45 is a schematic perspective view of an outlet tube componentusable with the assembly of FIG. 33.

FIG. 46 is a schematic side elevational view of the outlet tube ofcomponent of FIG. 45.

FIG. 47 is a schematic side cross-sectional view taken of the componentof FIGS. 45 and 46, taken generally along line 47-47, FIG. 48.

FIG. 48 is a schematic end plan view of the component depicted in FIGS.45 and 46.

FIG. 49 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken generally along line49-49, FIG. 46.

FIG. 50 is an enlarged schematic fragmentary view of an identifiedportion of FIG. 49.

FIG. 51 is a schematic side elevational view of the assembly depicted inFIG. 33.

FIG. 52 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken generally along line52-52, FIG. 51.

FIG. 53 is a schematic perspective view of a housing component of theassembly of FIG. 51.

FIG. 54 is a schematic plan view of the housing component of FIG. 53.

FIG. 55 is a schematic end plan view of the housing component of FIG.53.

FIG. 56 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken generally along line56-56, FIG. 55.

FIG. 57 is a schematic enlarged fragmentary view of an identifiedportion of FIG. 56.

FIG. 58 is a schematic top plan view of a mold component usable to forma portion of the cartridge of FIG. 34A.

FIG. 59 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mold component ofFIG. 58, taken along line 59-59 thereof.

FIG. 60 is a schematic enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG.58.

FIG. 61 is a schematic enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG.59.

FIG. 62 is a schematic enlarged fragmentary portion of FIG. 59.

FIG. 63 is a schematic enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG.58.

FIG. 64 is an exploded schematic view depicting an association betweenan inner filter support of FIG. 38 and a mold of FIG. 58.

FIG. 65 is a schematic exploded cross-sectional view of the arrangementdepicted in FIG. 64.

FIG. 66 is a schematic depiction of alternate seal configuration to theone shown in FIG. 36.

FIG. 67 is a schematic depiction of a second alternate sealconfiguration to the one depicted in FIG. 36.

FIG. 68 is a schematic depiction of a third alternate seal configurationto the one depicted in FIG. 36.

FIG. 69 is a schematic depiction of a fourth alternate sealconfiguration to the one depicted in FIG. 36.

FIG. 70 is a schematic depiction of a fifth alternate seal configurationto the one depicted in FIG. 36.

FIG. 71 is a schematic side perspective view of a third embodiment of anair cleaner assembly according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 71A is a schematic perspective view of an air cleaner assembly inaccord with a variation in the embodiment of FIG. 71.

FIG. 71B is a schematic side view of a variation of FIG. 71A. FIG. 72 isa schematic cross-sectional view of the air cleaner of FIG. 71.

FIG. 71C is a schematic side perspective view of a further variation inthe arrangement in FIG. 71.

FIG. 72 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the air cleaner of FIG.71 FIG. 72A is an enlarged, fragmentary, schematic view of a portion ofFIG. 72.

FIG. 72B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken generally along72B-72B, FIG. 71B, showing variations from the views of FIGS. 72 and72A.

FIG. 72C is a schematic cross-sectional view of the arrangement depictedin FIG. 71C. FIG. 73 is a schematic cross-sectional view of selectedhousing flow tube and filter cartridge features of the assembly of FIGS.71 and 72.

FIG. 74 is a schematic side elevational view of the filter cartridgecomponent usable in the assembly of FIGS. 71-73.

FIG. 74A is a schematic side elevational view of a filter cartridge usedin a variation of FIGS. 71A, 71B and 72B.

FIG. 75 is an enlarged, schematic, cross-sectional view of the filtercartridge component depicted in FIG. 74.

FIG. 75A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the variation of FIG.74A, taken generally along lines 75A-75A, FIG. 74A.

FIG. 76 is an enlarged, schematic, end view of an open end of thecartridge of FIGS. 74 and 75.

FIG. 76A is a schematic open end plan view of the filter cartridgevariation of FIG. 75A.

FIG. 77 is an enlarged, schematic, end view of a closed end of thefilter cartridge of FIGS. 74 and 75.

FIG. 77A is a schematic end view of a closed end of the filter cartridgeof the variations of FIGS. 74A and 75A.

FIG. 78 is a schematic open end perspective view of the filter cartridgeof FIGS. 74 and 75.

FIG. 78A is a schematic open end perspective view of the filtercartridge variation depicted in 74A and 75A.

FIG. 78B is a closed end perspective view of a filter cartridgevariation depicted in FIGS. 74A, 75A, and 78A.

FIG. 79 is an enlarged, fragmentary, schematic cross-sectional view ofthe selected portion of the filter cartridge depicted in FIGS. 74 and75.

FIG. 80 is an enlarged fragmentary, schematic, cross-sectional view of aportion of the filter cartridge depicted in FIG. 79, but without amolded end cap potting that is viewable in FIG. 79, thereon.

FIG. 81 is an enlarged, schematic, view generally analogous to FIG. 76,but with selected dimension information provided.

FIG. 82 is an enlarged, schematic, end plan view of a molded end capportion of the cartridge depicted in FIG. 77.

FIG. 83 is an enlarged, schematic, cross-sectional view of the moldedend cap portion depicted in FIG. 82.

FIG. 84 is an enlarged, schematic, outlet end perspective view of acomponent of the filter cartridge component depicted in FIGS. 74 and 75.

FIG. 85 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of the componentdepicted in FIG. 84.

FIG. 86 is an enlarged, schematic, outlet end view of the componentdepicted in FIGS. 84 and 85.

FIG. 87 is an enlarged, schematic, perspective view of a housing tubecomponent of the assembly depicted in FIGS. 71 and 72.

FIG. 88 is an enlarged, schematic, plan view of the component depictedin FIG. 87.

FIG. 89 is an enlarged, schematic, fragmentary view of an identifiedportion of FIG. 88.

FIG. 90 is an schematic side elevational view of an alternate supportstructure for use in the cartridge according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 91 is a schematic fragmentary perspective view of the supportstructure of FIG. 90.

FIG. 92 is a second schematic fragmentary view of the support structureof FIGS. 90 and 91.

FIG. 93 is a schematic side elevational view of a second alternatesupport structure according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 94 is a schematic fragmentary perspective view of the supportstructure of FIG. 93.

FIG. 95 is a second schematic fragmentary perspective view of thesupport structure of FIGS. 93 and 94.

FIG. 96 is a schematic perspective exploded view of an additionalsupport structure variation usable in a cartridge according to thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 97 is a side elevational of the support structure variation of FIG.96.

FIG. 98 is a schematic perspective view of the support structurevariation of FIG. 97.

FIG. 99 is a schematic end view of the support structure variation ofFIG. 98.

FIG. 100 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the support structurevariation of FIG. 98.

FIG. 101 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the selected portion of FIG.100.

FIG. 102 is an enlarged schematic perspective view of an alternatefilter cartridge according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 103 is a schematic view of a step of assembling media for use inthe cartridge of FIG. 90.

FIG. 104 is a schematic perspective view of a filter cartridge in accordwith yet a further alternate application of the principles according tothe present disclosure.

FIG. 105 is a schematic plan view of a filter cartridge depicted in FIG.104.

FIG. 106 is a schematic perspective view of a further variation in thefilter cartridge applying selected principles according to the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 107 is a side elevational view of the filter cartridge depicted inFIG. 106.

FIG. 108 is a schematic perspective view of a filter cartridge for usein a crankcase ventilation filtering, in an application of principlesaccording to the present disclosure.

FIG. 109 is a schematic plan view of a filter cartridge of FIG. 108.

FIG. 110 is a schematic perspective view of a second filter cartridgefor use in crankcase ventilation filtering, with application of theprinciples according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 111 is a schematic plan view of the filter cartridge depicted inFIG. 110.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Herein, an example filter assemblies, features and components thereforare described and depicted. A variety of specific features andcomponents are characterized in detail. Many can be applied to provideadvantage. There is no specific requirement that the various individualfeatures and components be applied in an overall assembly with all ofthe features and characteristics described, however, in order to providefor some benefit in accord with the present disclosure.

It is noted that a plurality of embodiments are depicted and described.The embodiments are not meant to be exclusive with respect to featuresdepicted. That is, selected features of one embodiment can be applied inor more of the other embodiments if desired, to advantage. In manyexamples, the filter assembly depicted is an air cleaner assembly, forexample, used to filter intake air for an internal combustion engine.Additional embodiments are described in which the filter assembly is acrankcase ventilation filter assembly, in which the filter cartridge isused to filter crankcase blowby gases which include, typically, bothparticulate and liquid contaminant therein. Both type of filterassemblies are generally “gas filter assemblies,” since the carrierstage being filtered is gas (air or crankcase ventilation gases). Whilethe techniques described herein will typically be used in applicationfor gas filtration, they can be used in the filtration of othermaterials, for example, liquids, if desired.

I. General Features of an Example Embodiment, FIGS. 1-3

The reference numeral 1, FIG. 1, generally indicates a filter assembly,for example an air cleaner or air cleaner assembly or arrangement inaccord with the present disclosure. The filter assembly (in the examplean air cleaner assembly) 1 comprises a housing 2. The housing 2 definesa sidewall 2 s and includes: a first body section 3; and, second, bodysection or access cover 4. In the example depicted, the access cover 4is removably secured to the first body section 3, but alternatives arepossible. Also although alternatives are possible, for the exampledepicted attachment of the cover section 4 to the body section 3 is bylatch arrangement 5; the latch arrangement typically comprising aplurality of over center latches 5 x.

In general, the air (gas) cleaner 1 includes an air (gas) flow inletarrangement 7. In the example depicted, the air flow inlet arrangement 7is an inlet tube indicated at 7 t, on the body section 3. The particularinlet tube 7 t depicted, is configured as a side, tangential, inlet,i.e. gas flow is directed tangentially against an inner wall of housing2, as opposed to being directed directly toward a housing central axisX. Alternate inlet arrangements, locations and direction are possible.However, the tangential inlet arrangement depicted is convenient andadvantageous for reasons discussed below.

At 8, a dust/water ejector arrangement is depicted on the housing 2,comprising tube 9. In the example depicted, the tube 9 comprises aportion of access cover 4, although alternatives are possible. The tube9 is covered by an evacuator valve arrangement 10, in the exampledepicted comprising a duck-billed valve of a type widely used with aircleaners, see for example WO 2006/06241 A1; and, U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,718B1, incorporated herein by reference. Alternate evacuator valvearrangements can be used.

At 15, an outlet tube or flow tube is depicted, as a portion of housing2 positioned on a remainder of the housing body section 3. The tube 15can be formed integral with the housing body 3, but typically the tube15 will be a separate piece snap-fit or otherwise attached to thehousing body 3, as discussed below.

In operation, air (gas) to be filtered enters the air cleaner assemblythrough inlet tube 7 t. Eventually the air passes through filter mediaof a filter cartridge arrangement positioned within interior 2 i of thehousing 2. After passage through media of the air filter cartridge, thefiltered air is directed to exit the housing through outlet tube 15.From outlet tube 15, the filtered air is directed to downstreamequipment such as to a turbo system or to the air intake of an enginesystem. (It is noted that in some instances, the assembly 1 can includean optional safety or secondary filter cartridge, not shown, throughwhich the air is directed as it proceeds from the filter cartridge tothe outlet tube 15).

The particular air cleaner (filter) assembly 1 depicted includes anoptional precleaner stage. The precleaner stage is provided in part bydirecting air from inlet tube 7 t tangentially into interior 2 i of thehousing 2. The air will then, in part as directed by an internalcyclonic ramp 17, FIG. 2, be directed into a cyclonic or helical patternaround an interior of the assembly 1. This will tend to drive a portionof any water or dust particles contained within the air stream, againstan interior surface of sidewall 2 s. This material, separated from theair stream, will eventually migrate to, and enter, the tube 9, fromwhich ejection occurs through valve 10.

The particular air cleaner assembly 1 depicted is configured so that itcan be mounted in a variety of orientations, for example with thecentral axis X directed vertically, or alternatively with the centralaxis X directed horizontally. This is facilitated by having outlet tube9 directed downwardly, at an angle of 30-60° relative to the axis X, ata lower corner of access cover 4, so that the tube 9 can be directeddownwardly whether the axis X is directed vertically or horizontally.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, housing body section 3 includes a mountingpad arrangement 11 thereon. The mounting pad arrangement 11 can beformed integral with a remainder of the housing 2 as shown, or it can bea separate piece. The mounting pad arrangement 11 is used to help securethe housing 2 in place, on equipment with which air cleaner 1 would beused. By having the mounting pad arrangement 11 on the housing section3, the housing section 3 can be retained in place on the equipment bybolts, or other systems during servicing, with access cover 4 beingremovably secured to body section 3, for convenient servicing.

Referring to FIG. 2, it is noted that outlet tube 15 includes optionaltap 15 t thereon. Tap 15 t can be used, for example, as a pressure tapfor a restriction indicator (not shown) optionally used with air cleanerassembly 1.

As thus far described the air cleaner assembly is similar to many priorair cleaner assemblies, including those depicted and described in WO2006/06241 A1; WO 2009014988; and, U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,718 B1,incorporated herein by reference.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 3, in which air cleaner assembly 1 isdepicted in an alternate elevational view with portions shown incross-section. Referring to FIG. 3, filter cartridge 25 is viewablepositioned within housing interior 2 i. The filter cartridge 25 will bedescribed in greater detail below. In general, the cartridge 25 is aserviceable component that includes an extension of filter media 26through which air to be filtered passes, before it can exit assembly 1.

By the term “serviceable component” as used herein, and in reference tothe cartridge 25, it is meant that the cartridge 25 is removable andreplaceable in the air cleaner assembly 1. Thus, as the media 26occludes during use, the cartridge 25 can be removed, and be refurbishedor replaced.

Referring to FIG. 3, it can be seen that housing 2 includes an optional,but advantageous, shield arrangement 27 surrounding a selected portionof the cartridge 25. The shield arrangement 27 includes first shieldsection 28 in housing body section 3, oriented to surround a portion ofthe cartridge 25 at that location, creating an annulus 29 between theshield 28 and outer sidewall 30. Air from inlet 7 is directed into inletannulus 29, (in a cyclonic pattern by an interior surface of ramp 17).Shield 28 inhibits direct impingement, of the dust and other materialcarried by the inlet air in annulus 24, and onto the media 26 untilafter the air has moved at least partially through the cyclonic patternand past shield 28 in a direction toward access cover 4.

In FIG. 3, at 33 a second shield section of shield arrangement 27 isdepicted in access cover 4. The second shield section 33 defines anannulus 34 between the shield 33 and sidewall 35 of section 4. At 37, anor outlet egress aperture in a sidewall 2 from housing interior 2 i tointerior 9 i of tube 9 is depicted. The egress or outlet aperture 37 isin communication with the annulus 34. The shield 33 helps facilitateremoval of dust and other materials through aperture 37 into dustejector arrangement 8.

Use of shield arrangements analogous to shield arrangement 27, with oneor more shields analogous to sections 28 and 33, is common in many aircleaner arrangements, see for example WO 2006/06241 A1; WO 2009/014988;U.S. Ser. No. 61/446,653; U.S. Ser. No. 61/473,296; and, U.S. Pat. No.6,419,718 B1, incorporated herein by reference. Analogous features andprinciples can be used here.

In FIG. 3A, an enlarged fragmentary portion of FIG. 3 is depicted.Portions of the shield 28 and annulus 29 are viewable in this figure.

It is noted that the use of the shield arrangement 27 and dust ejectorarrangement 8 is consistent with many applications in which a “dualstage” or “two stage” air (gas) cleaner is desired, having a firstprecleaner stage to separate water and larger particles from the airbefore it passes into the filter cartridge 25 (the second stage).However, such features are generally optional, and many of theprinciples of the present disclosure can be applied in air cleaners thatdo not have such a two stage configuration or precleaner stage.

It is noted that the particular air cleaner assembly 1 depicted, doesnot have a safety filter or safety cartridge positioned downstream ofthe media 26 and before the outlet 50. Again, many of the principlesdescribed herein can be applied in systems in which such a safety filteror safety cartridge is used.

II. Features Relating to a Housing Seal Arrangement—Generally A. General

As indicated above, the features previously identified and discussedwith respect to FIGS. 1-3A relating to general air cleaner configurationand operation are well known features, forms of which have been used ina variety of systems. Certain unique characteristics of the present aircleaner, of FIGS. 1-3A relate to specific features of the filtercartridge 25, in particular relating to its engagement with a remainingportion of the air cleaner assembly 1. In this section, selectedfeatures relating to this are discussed.

In general terms, again, the cartridge 25 is a service component. Thatis, it is removed and replaced through the lifetime of the air cleaner1. A releasable seal is necessary between the cartridge 25 and thehousing 2, to ensure that unfiltered air does not bypass the cartridge25 and enter the outlet tube 15, as this can cause damage to the engine.The releasable sealing engagement between the filter cartridge 25 andthe housing 2 that provides for this, is generally characterized hereinas a housing seal arrangement.

Still referring to FIG. 3, the filter cartridge 25 generally comprisesfilter media 26 extending between first and second opposite media ends41 and 42. First media end 41 is engaged by a first end cap or piece 45.The second media end 42 is engaged by a second end cap or piece 46.Thus, the media 26 extends between opposite end caps (or end pieces) 45,46.

Although alternatives are possible with selected techniques describedherein, for the example depicted, the filter media 26 is configuredsurrounding an open filter interior 26 i, generally around a centralaxis X of the air cleaner 1 and cartridge 25. The media 26 can bepleated media, although alternatives are possible. The media 26 can beconfigured in a cylindrical pattern as shown, if desired, althoughalternatives are possible. For example, the media 26 can be somewhatconical in extension between the opposite ends 41, 42. Also, the mediacan be configured with non-circular inner and/or outer perimeters; forexample oval or other cross-sectional configurations are possible.

Although alternatives are possible with selected techniques describedherein, the second end piece or cap 46 is typically a closed end pieceor cap, extending completely across the media 26 at the second end 42,closing that end 42 of the media 26 and the filter interior 26 i. Thatis, end piece or cap 46, for the example depicted, is a closed end pieceor cap, i.e. an end cap having no aperture therethrough in communicationwith the open filter interior 26 i.

First end piece or cap 45 on the other hand, is an open end piece orcap. That is, it surrounds and defines a central aperture 50 incommunication with the media, in the example via open filter interior 26i. In typical use, aperture 50 is an air flow exit aperture from themedia, for example open filter interior 26 i, for filtered air. (Inalternate applications with a reverse direction of gas flow duringfiltering aperture 50 can be an inlet aperture. In general, it is a gasflow aperture).

For the example depicted, first end piece 45 extends completely acrossall media 26 of the cartridge 25, from an outer perimeter 26 x to aninner perimeter 26 o. The first end piece 45 typically has only one,central, aperture 50 therethrough.

Again, when the access cover 4 is removed from the housing body section3, access to interior 2 i is provided for either installation or removalof the cartridge 25. The filter cartridge 25, then, needs to beadequately removably sealed to the housing 2 to protect against flow ofunfiltered air into the exit tube 15. To provide for this, the cartridge25 is provided with a first primary (or housing) seal arrangement 55.

With respect to the first housing seal or primary seal arrangement 55,and other features of first end cap 45, attention is directed to FIG.3A, an enlarged fragmentary view of an identified portion of FIG. 3. InFIG. 3A, the primary seal arrangement 55 can be seen as defining aradially directed seal or seal surface 55 s directed to engage a portionof air cleaner assembly 1 indicated generally at 58, for releasablesealing. It is noted that in FIG. 3A, a schematic depiction is providedand the seal material forming seal surface 55 s is shown non-distortedby engagement with structure 58. From this, one can understand how muchinterference is typically provided between the seal material of sealarrangement 55 and the surface 58 during sealing, although alternativesare possible. This is discussed in detail further below.

Still referring to FIG. 3A, it will be understood that the surface 55 s,of primary seal arrangement 55, that forms a seal with structure 58 isgenerally a radially directed surface. Hence, the primary sealarrangement 55 is referred to as a radially directed seal. By “radially”in this context, it is meant that the seal or seal surface (and thecompression of the seal surface during sealing) is directed generallytoward or away from (i.e. around) central axis X. The particular surface55 s in the example depicted, is radially outwardly directed relative tothe central axis X, so the seal arrangement 55 can be characterized as“radially outwardly directed.” It is noted however, that a radiallyinwardly directed seal can be used with some principles in accord withthe present disclosure.

It is noted that in the example depicted, the housing seal arrangement55 comprises a portion of end cap 45. In more general terms, the housingseal arrangement mounted on a filter cartridge configured to releaseablyseal to a housing, whether that particular housing seal arrangementcomprises a portion of an end piece or not.

The preferred and advantageous housing seal arrangements describedherein are generally “non-clamp” or “clampless” housing sealarrangements. By this it is meant that they are established as thecartridge is inserted into the housing, without the need for tighteningthe clamp or connector of some type.

Specific features of the example primary seal arrangement 55 depictedare described in greater detail below.

In general, for the particular arrangement depicted in FIG. 3A, thesurface 58 which the seal arrangement 55 removably engages to form theprimary seal arrangement 55, comprises a seal flange 60 directed axiallyinwardly of housing 2 toward the access cover 4, FIG. 3. For thespecific example shown, the seal flange 60 comprises a portion of a flowtube, in the example depicted the outlet tube 15.

Still referring to FIG. 3A, it can be seen that the outlet (flow) tube15, for the example arrangement depicted, comprises a separately formedpiece from housing section 3. For the particular example arrangementdepicted, the flow tube 15 is snap-fit to an end 3 x of the housingsection 3, with a joint between the two being formed at 62. The joint 62is a location for potential water or other material entry into aninterior 2 i of housing 2. Certain potential issues with respect to thisare advantageously managed by an optional second (housing) sealarrangement 65.

In general, as an engine system (with which air cleaner assembly 1 isused) is operated, there is a vacuum draw or air suction at tube 15,FIG. 3, by which air is drawn through the air cleaner 1 and into theengine or other equipment system. This means that there is, in general,a potential suction draw of air from the ambient, into the interior 2 iof the housing 2. This suction would tend to draw on joint 62 in atypical operation, but for the presence of the second seal 65.

In general, the second seal arrangement 65 defines a seal surface 66 oncartridge 25 which removably engages a seal surface 67 of housingsection 3. The seal surface 66 is generally directed radially, and thusit is a radial seal. In the example depicted, seal surface 66 is aradially outwardly directed (perimeter) surface surrounded by a sealsurface 67 of housing section 3, in installation.

It can be seen that the joint 62 communicates with an interior 2 i ofhousing 2 at a location isolated from a remainder of housing 2, by thecartridge 25, between the primary seal arrangement 55 and the secondseal arrangement 65. As a result, potential vacuum draw at joint 62 isinhibited, because there is no internal suction operating a joint 62 topull water and/or additional material into the interior 2 i at thislocation. It is noted that, for the embodiment shown, the second sealarrangement 65 is not provided to manage a substantial pressuredifferential thereacross, and/or to manage avoidance of unfiltered airentering (outlet) tube 15. Thus, the second seal arrangement 65 can be asecondary, less compressive, seal, or seal of less seal force, than theprimary seal arrangement 55. As will be understood from detaileddescription below, for a particular preferred arrangement, seal materialin the second seal arrangement 65 is typically configured to compresssome, but less than the seal material in primary seal arrangement 55,when cartridge 25 is installed.

In the next section, features of the first seal arrangement 55 and theoptional second seal arrangement 65 are discussed in greater detail.

B. End Piece Features Including the First Seal Arrangement 55 and SecondSeal Arrangement 65, FIGS. 3 and 3A

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 3A, for the particular assembly 1 depicted, thecartridge 25 is configured with first (end) piece 45 being amolded-in-place (end) piece 70 having a portion (in the example an end)41 of media 26 secured thereto for example embedded therein. This willbe typical, although alternatives are possible with selected principlesaccording to the present disclosure. The end piece (cap) 70 closes end41 of the media 26 completely thereacross from a media outer perimeter26 x to a media inner perimeter 26 o in a typical arrangement. When themedia 26 is pleated, outer perimeter 26 x comprises outer pleat tips andinner perimeter 26 o comprises inner pleat tips.

The end piece (cap) 70 typically comprises a soft compressible end piece(cap) material formed from foamed resin, such as a foamed polyurethane.Usable materials are discussed below.

Although alternatives are possible, for the particular cartridge 25depicted, the first seal arrangement 55 and the second seal arrangement55 are formed in a molded-in-place portion of end cap 70 as integralportions thereof. This is discussed in further below, in connection withthe descriptions of FIGS. 4-8.

Before turning to FIGS. 4-8, attention is directed back to FIG. 3A. Theend piece (cap) 70 includes an axial outer end surface 72, with a recessreceiver or receiving groove 73 therein. The recess, receiver orreceiving groove 73 is sized and positioned to receive, projectingtherein, flange 60 and portion of housing section 3 indicated generallyat 3 x, when cartridge 25 is installed. That is, a portion of joint 62projects into the recess, receiver or receiving groove 73. In theexample depicted, a radially inner most surface 73 i (radially outwardlydirected surface) of recess, receiver or receiving groove 73 forms thesealing surface 55 s of the primary seal arrangement 55. Althoughalternatives are possible, a radially outermost surface 73 o (the radialinwardly directed surface) of recess, receiver or receiving groove 73,for the example arrangement depicted, preferably does not form a seal atall. Rather, typically surface 73 o does not radially engage the housingsection 3 or flange 58 at all, although alternatives are possible. It isnoted that there is a portion 70 k of the end cap 70, FIG. 3A, that doessurround the media 26 at end 41. This will typically be the case, since,in the example, the media end 41 is embedded in the end piece (cap) 70.Region 70 k, although it may engage a portion of the housing, does nottypically compress substantially and often is not involved in sealing tothe housing, although alternatives are possible.

Still referring to FIG. 3A, it is noted that the seal surface 66 of thesecondary seal arrangement 65 comprises a portion of an outer perimeter70 p of an end piece (cap) 70. Thus, it is sometimes referenced as aperimeter radial seal. It is also noted that for the embodimentdepicted, preferably no portion of the seal surface 66 that compresseswhile sealing surrounds the media 26, although alternatives arepossible.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 4, a schematic perspective view of thecartridge 25 taken generally toward an outlet end 75 and end piece (cap)70. The cartridge 25, again, generally comprises media 26 extendingbetween first and second end pieces (caps) 45, 46 and surroundingcentral cartridge axis X. In general, when a cartridge feature isreferenced as radially directed, it is meant that the features aredirected generally outward or away from a central axis, in the example acentral cartridge axis X; and, when it is said that a feature is axialor directed “axially” it is meant generally that the feature is directedgenerally in alignment with a central axis, for example central axiscartridge X (although not necessarily parallel thereto). When a seal ischaracterized as “radially outwardly” directed, it is meant that theseal or seal surface is generally directed radially away from a centralaxis, such as central cartridge axis X.

Still referring to FIG. 4, end piece (cap) 45 can be seen as comprisingmolding 70 m. The molding 70 m defines open central aperture 50 throughwhich (in the example filtered) air passes, in the example as it exitsthe cartridge 25. The end piece (cap) 70 (and thus the molding 70 m)comprises an integrally molded end piece (cap), defining recess,receiver or receiving groove 73. A radially inwardly portion of recess,receiver or receiving groove 73, indicated generally at 73 i, in partforms seal surface 55 s. It can, again, be seen that surface 55 s, is,generally, radially outwardly facing and forms a radially outwardlydirected seal. The radially outer surface 73 o of the recess, receiveror receiving groove 73 can be seen as defining a radially inwardlydirected surface, i.e. a surface facing toward axis X. Again, for theparticular cartridge depicted, surface 73 o is not a sealing surface,but alternatives are possible.

It is noted that seal surface 55 x can be provided surrounding aprojection that is not a sidewall of a recess, receiver or receivinggroove, such as recess, receiver, or receiving groove 73. However, forthe particular embodiment depicted, having seal surface 55 x comprise asidewall 73 i of a recess, receiver, or receiving groove 73 isadvantageous.

Referring still to FIG. 4, at 66 the seal surface of second (optional)seal arrangement 65 is depicted. This is the portion of the outerperimeter of molding 70, for the example depicted, that engages thehousing section 3 forming a second seal 65 therewith when the cartridge25 is installed.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 5, in which the cartridge 25 isdepicted with portions shown in cross-section to depict internal detail.For the discussion in this section, attention is specifically directedto the first end piece (cap) 45. Again, in the typical preferredarrangement, end piece (cap) 45 comprises a molding 70 m (or end cap 70)positioned on end 41 of media 26. Seal surface 66 of the second sealarrangement 65 and seal surface 55 s of the primary seal arrangement 55can be seen. Also viewable in cross-section is groove 73.

Preferably sealing pressure for seal arrangements 55 and 65, at surfaces55 s and 66, respectively, is managed by having each seal provided of aradially compressible material and preferably (and optionally) having anembedded therein relatively rigid, radial support arrangement within endpiece (cap) 70. For the primary seal arrangement 55 the radial supportis shown at 80. For the secondary seal arrangement 65, the radialsupport is provided by support 81 embedded within end piece (cap) 70.

Typically, the support arrangement that provides support for the sealarrangements 55, 65, is a “preform” embedded within the end piece (cap)molding 70 m. By “preform” in this context, it is meant that with thesupport arrangement or structure, i.e. a preformed or preform componentused in the assembly of cartridge 25. Typically, the preform componentis molded from plastic, although alternatives are possible. Typically,the preform component is secured to structure that extends toward thesecond end cap 42, although alternatives are possible.

The support 80 is typically embedded within seal material that forms theprimary seal 55 at a location such that compression of the surface 55 sradially towards central axis X will be backed up by the support 80 in amanner so that the amount of radial compression of end piece (cap)material in a region between surface 55 s and the support 80 will have amaximum compression of at least 10%, typically at least 15%, preferablyno more than about 35% and will typically be with a maximum compressionwithin the range of about 20-30%, inclusive. Typically, to accomplishthis, the support 80 is positioned spaced from the surface 55 s,maximally, a distance of not greater than 20 mm, usually not greaterthan 15 mm and typically the amount of spacing is within the range ofabout 5-14 mm. The amount of spacing in this context is meant to referto the maximum spacing, i.e. to refer to a distance between the support80 and portion of surface 55 s which, when surface 55 s is undistortedby compression, is radially furthest from the support 80.

On the other hand, as indicated above, for the example, cartridge 25 isdepicted the amount of compression (if any) for the optional second sealarrangement 65 is typically less than for the first seal arrangement 55,since the second seal arrangement 65 is not managing dust and waterentry into the outlet tube 15, but rather serves to isolate joint 62,FIG. 3A from vacuum draw in the interior 2 i of housing 2. It is notedthat a second seal arrangement 65 can be provided with a support 81, butthe support 81 is optional. In some instances, the alignment of thesecond seal surface 66 with the surrounding housing portion can be suchthat alignment with relative little compression, if any, occurs.Typically, when used, the optional support 81 is positioned from theradial outermost portion of surface 66 that compresses when thecartridge 25 is installed, a distance of no more than about 10 mmtypically no more than about 8 mm, and usually within the range of 1-6mm. Typically, the dimensions are also chosen so that the total amountof compression of seal material in region 66 x, i.e. of surface 66towards support 81, is at a maximum, no greater than about 25% usuallyno greater than 20%, is typically at least 3% often at least 5% andusually is an amount within the range of 5-20%, inclusive, althoughalternatives are possible.

Referring to FIG. 5, it can be seen that for the arrangement depicted,the portion of surface 66 that forms the outwardly radially seal,includes extension toward end cap 42, greater than a deepest portion ofgroove 73. This is optional, but can be preferred. That is, while theremay be radial overlap between portions of surface 66 and 55 x,optionally, in a typical embodiment, at least a portion of surface 66will extend further toward end piece (cap) 42, than does any portion ofsurface 55 s. This amount of extension (when used) will be at least 1mm, usually at least 2 mm and in some instances at least 4 mm.

Before further characterization regarding the seal arrangement on endpiece (cap) 70 is provided, while attention is directed to FIG. 5,selected additional features are briefly identified. These features arealso discussed in further detail below in later sections of this report.

First, attention is directed to end piece (cap) 46 positioned at end 42of the media 26. Although alternatives are possible, for the particulararrangement depicted end cap 46 is a molded-in-place end cap closing end42 of the media 26 completely thereacross and across open interior 26 i.The particular molded-in-place end piece 46 depicted can comprise asimilar material to that used for molding 70, if desired, butalternatives are possible.

Also referring to FIG. 5, attention is directed to support 90. Theexample support 90 depicted is a central support surrounded by media 26in extension completely between end pieces 41, 42, and indeed, in theexample depicted, is embedded in end cap 45 (i.e. in molding 70 m) andin end cap 46. Optional advantageous features of the particular support90 depicted are discussed further in a later section of thisdescription.

Turning to FIG. 6, an end view of molding 70 m (end piece or cap 70) isprovided. Generally, the surfaces of end molding 70 m that face theviewer in FIG. 6 are referred to herein as the axial end surfaces 72; inthe example depicted primarily comprising an outer ring 72 x and aninner ring 72 i (see FIG. 5), at opposite sides of receiving groove 73.At an outer perimeter of ring 72 x, the cartridge 25 includes aplurality of insets, generally of two types: insets 93, which aregenerally artifacts formed by mold stand-offs in a bottom of a mold inwhich the molding 70 m would be formed; and, insets 94 which aregenerally formed from portions of a bottom side of a mold that are usedto help center the media pack in the mold during the formation ofmolding 70 m. It is noted that in the example depicted, stand-offartifacts 93 include selected ones of the centering artifacts 94therein.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 7, a cross-sectional view takengenerally along line 7-7, FIG. 6. Here, molded-in-place material of endpiece (cap) 41 or molding 70 m is depicted. That is, the depiction isschematic and the various supports 80, 81 are not shown. Rather, FIG. 7is meant to indicate generally the configuration of features formed fromresin used to mold end piece (cap) 70. Referring to FIG. 7, at 66, aperimeter portion of molding 70 to form the secondary seal is shown.Between portion 66 and end 72 x, an outer perimeter surface of molding70 m also includes an inwardly stepped or tapered region 95. This regionis typically sized in cooperation with adjacent portions of an adjacenthousing section in installation, to not be compressed substantiallytoward central axis X during installation, although alternatives arepossible. Rather, region 95 is typically and preferably sized to form anapproximate line-to-line fit with surrounding portions of a housing 2 ininstallation. Preferably, this line-to-line fit extends over a length ofat least 4 mm. Alternatives are possible, for example some (for exampleminor) compression can be required occur in this region and/or the axiallength of surface can be varied. Region 95, in cooperation with region66 will not only inhibit draw at joint 62, FIG. 3A, but will also helpstabilize the cartridge 25 in the housing 2.

Attention is directed to FIG. 8, an enlarged fragmentary view of aselected portion of molding 70 m, FIG. 7. Here receiving groove 73 canbe seen. The radially inward surface 73 i (radially outwardly directedsurface) of groove 73 includes therein lower section 73 i adjacentbottom 73 b configured to form the most compressed portion of theradially outwardly directed radial seal of the primary seal arrangement55. At 98, surface 73 i is depicted as having a tapered outer section tofacilitate guiding the cartridge 25 over flange 60 during installation.Radial outer surface 73 x can be seen as including an outer end taper at73 t, also to facilitate fitting over the flange 60, and also a portionof housing section 3 t during installation. The seal arrangements 55 and65 are discussed further below after additional general description ofthe cartridge 25 and housing 2 are provided.

III. Assembly of the Cartridge 25; Additional Internal Detail

Attention is now directed to FIG. 9. In FIG. 9, support 90 is depictedin perspective view. The support structure 90 generally comprises: linersection 100 and outlet end support section 101. Although alternativesare possible, for the example assembly depicted, the outer end supportsection 101 and liner section 100 are non-removably secured to oneanother. Typically they are molded integrally from a plastic, althoughalternatives are possible.

The outlet end support section 101 includes: an inner, central, supportor hub 105; an optional outer peripheral ring 106 that surrounds and isspaced from hub 105; and, an open grid arrangement 108 extendingtherebetween. The grid arrangement 108 comprises a plurality of spacedstruts, ribs or support pieces 110. The support pieces 110 extendbetween outer ring 106 and hub 105, securing the outer ring 106 inplace. It is noted that the outer peripheral ring 106 is optional, butconvenient. It provides structural support to end of the strips, ribs orsupport pieces 110. The outer ring 106, however, is not required in allapplications of the present disclosure.

The struts, ribs or support pieces 110 are also optional. However, theydo provide advantage in that they assist in assembly of the cartridge;and, they provide regions for mechanical interlock between themolded-in-place portions of the end cap and preform portions of thesupport structure 90.

Referring to FIG. 9, ring 106 includes an end edge 114. The end edge 114is, generally, a portion of ring 106 that projects furthest into themolding 70 m during formation of the cartridge 25. For the particularassembly depicted, the edge 114 is optionally and preferably defined bya plurality of spaced tabs 115 having grooves or recesses 116therebetween. In general, recesses 116 facilitate resin flow across ring106 in the region of end 114 and tabs 115, as end cap 70 is formed. Atabbed configuration is preferred, although alternatives are possible.

Ring 106 also includes optional seal support region 118. In general, ifused, the seal support region 118 will provide, in the assembledcartridge 25, optional support 81, FIG. 3A, for the second sealarrangement 65.

Typically, the support section 101 is configured so that no portion ofring 106 surrounds the media, in installation, although alternatives arepossible.

Still referring to FIG. 9, hub 105 includes an inner surface 105 i andan outer surface 105 x. In the example cartridge 25 depicted, outersurface 105 x forms seal support 80, for the primary rib sealarrangement 55.

It is noted that support 90 also includes an optional inner ring 120spaced radially inwardly from hub 105. A trough 120 t is formed betweenring 120 and hub 105 into which resin can flow during cartridgeformation. In FIG. 9, some apertures 121 which allow for the resin flowinto trough 120 are depicted.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 10, a side elevational view of support90. The support 90 in FIG. 10 can, again, be seen as including optionalend ring 106 defining (optional) tabs 115, recess 116 and seal supportregion 118. Apertures 121 through ring 120 to facilitate resin flow areviewable.

Still referring to FIG. 10, optional media centering ring 125 isviewable on support 90. Media centering ring 125 is positioned so thatan inner perimeter of media 26 (or a media pack), when positioned oversupport 90 for cartridge formation, engages support 90 along and aroundthe ring 125, to facilitate formation of appropriate media shape beforemolding of end cap 70.

In general, construction of cartridge 25 involves positioning a mediapack over support 90, typically by being pushed over end 127 until amedia end 41, FIG. 3 engages the end section 101 generally in region128, FIG. 10. The ring 125 will ensure that the media 26 adopts anappropriate perimeter shape near end support 100. It will also supportthe media 26 in the completed cartridge 25. Each of the end caps 45, 46,FIG. 5 can be molded-in-place onto the combination of the media pack 26and support 90. During formation of end cap 45, resin will flow throughrecesses 116 and apertures 121 as well as into spaces between thesupports 110 to provide: a good mechanical securing of the support 100in place; and, a good sealing completely across end 41 of the media 26whether pleated or not. The mold would also be configured to form, inthe end piece (cap) 45, seal surfaces 55 s and 66 as well as groove 73.

It is noted that the media pack is pushed over the support 90 can beprovided with or without an outer liner, and can be provided with orwithout an inner liner. Typically, the media pack will comprise pleatedmedia and no inner liner and no outer liner when pushed over the support90. The media will typically be pleated and may include corrugationsextending generally perpendicularly to the pleat tips, to facilitatekeeping the pleats open during use. Various pleat tip folding techniquescan be used to facilitate this, as are common in the art. Examples ofthis can be found in media packs the mark “PleatLoc” from DonaldsonCompany, Inc, of Minneapolis, Minn., the Assignee of the presentdisclosure.

In FIG. 11, an end view is taken of support 90, generally toward endstructure 100.

In FIG. 12 an end view of support 90 is shown, generally taken towardend 127.

In FIG. 13, an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG. 11 isdepicted. In general, one of a plurality of end tabs 127 x at end 127 isviewable. The tabs 27 facilitate molding end cap 46 securely in place.

In FIG. 14, an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view of anidentified portion of FIG. 11 is shown.

In FIG. 15, a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a portion of support90 is provided. Trough 120 t can be seen. Also, between ring 120 and hub105, a portion of an aperture 121 can be seen.

In FIG. 16, an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of end supportstructure 101 of support 90 is depicted.

Referring to FIG. 16, a particular preferred configuration for the endsupport 101 is provided. In particular, preferably, grid arrangement108, in this example comprising ribs 110, ribs 110 slant away from themedia end 41 (not shown in FIG. 16) in extension from adjacent inner hub105 to adjacent outer ring 106. This slant or divergence from the mediais generally indicated by angle CS, FIG. 16. Thus, when media ispositioned over support 90, the media end 41 will generally engagesupport structure 101 at projection 128, FIG. 16, with the ribs 110diverging away from the media 26. Indeed, the media end 41 willgenerally align with line 111 t, FIG. 16. The angle CS will create aflow region for resin to flow across the ends of the media pack, toadvantage. Generally, the angle CS will be at least 0.5°, typically atleast 1°, and often more. Typically, angle CS will be within the rangeof 1°-3°, inclusive, although alternatives are possible.

The particular cartridge 25 depicted, includes an optional resonator orsonic choke although alternatives are possible. The optional resonatoror sonic choke comprises portion 140 of support 90, FIG. 10. In moregeneral terms, support 90 includes, in support section 100, an endperforate liner section 141 remote from the support section 101. Theperforate section 141 will operate as an inner liner 142, adjacent mediaend 42, when the media 26 is positioned around liner 90. Apertures 143in section 142 provide for air flow eventually to outlet aperture 50,FIG. 4.

Referring to FIGS. 10 and 16, in extension between the support section101 and the perforate end section 142, a number of features are providedto form the optional sonic choke or resonator section 140. First, atsection 160 a funneling down to throat 161 is provided as a transitionregion between end section 142 and throat 161. From throat 161 toengagement with end section 101 an expanded conical or funnel section162 is provided. Together, section 160, throat 161 and section 162define a sonic choke or resonator section 140. This helps inhibittransfer of noise outwardly from an engine system when cartridge 25 isused.

Referring to FIG. 10, it is noted that the optional resonator/sonicchoke arrangement depicted can, optionally, be different fromarrangements such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,718 B1, in anumber of manners. Referring to FIG. 10, it is noted that from linersection 141, and in extension toward throat 161, a tapering down section160 is provided which has two oppositely curved sections when viewed incross-section and/or from the exterior shown in FIG. 10. The firstsection 171 is curved with a concave side of the curve directed radiallyinwardly and a convex side of the curve directed radially outwardly. Itis also noted that in region 171 aperture arrangement 172 is provided,for air flow. Indeed, region 171, as a result of aperture arrangement172, will generally be at least 40% open, usually at least 50% open.

Between region 171 and throat 161, region 173 is provided which isshaped generally to curve with the concave side directed radiallyoutwardly. Thus, a somewhat s-curve shape is provided in a side ofsupport 90 (in cross-section) in transition from region 142 towardthroat 161. It is noted that for the particular arrangement depicted,region 173 is solid and imperforate, which is advantageous, althoughalternatives are possible.

The throat 161 will typically have a cross-sectional dimension of atleast 25 mm and usually not more than 35 mm, often on the range of 26-31mm. It is configured to provide good resonator effect without unduerestriction to air flow in use.

Conical region 175 generally tapers outwardly at an angle of each siderelative to a central axis of about 3°-4°, thus providing a conicalangle of spread indicated at DB, FIG. 10, of about 6-8°. A typicalconical angle of spread is about 7°.

In general, sections 160, 161 and 162 provide for a sonic choke orresonator effect. This provides for inhibition of noise transfer throughthe air induction arrangement in the air cleaner, from the engine to theexterior environment. It also is configured to avoid undesirablerestriction to air flow from the ambient into the air cleaner andthrough the filter cartridge 25. It has been particularly found thataperture arrangement 161 in region 162 facilitates this, while alsohelping air flow from those regions of media 26 that surroundimperforate section 162 of the resonator, to enter the tube 162 to exitthrough aperture 50, FIG. 3.

The support 90, and features of support section 101 and sonic chokecontaining region 100 can be further understood by reviewing FIGS.11-16.

Attention is now directed to FIGS. 29 and 30, in which the second endcap 46 is depicted. As indicated previously, the second end cap 46 canbe a molded-in-place end cap, although alternatives are possible. InFIG. 29, an end plan view of end cap 46 is shown. In FIG. 30, across-sectional view taken along line 30-30, FIG. 29 is shown. In FIG.30, the second end cap 46 is depicted in a schematic view, withoutportions of the media 26 and liner 90 shown embedded therein. End cap 46can be seen as having an outer axial (or end) surface 46 x with aplurality of projections or bumpers 46 y thereon. These will be engagedby access cover 4, during installation, to help provide secure supportthe cartridge 25 in the housing 2.

An outer perimeter portion 46 p, FIG. 30, is sized to be positionedwithin housing shield section 33, FIG. 3 and to be supported within theshield section 33 against movement of the cartridge 26 to an undesirableextent.

With respect to construction of the cartridge 25, once the media pack 26is positioned on the support 90 appropriately, there is no specificrequirement as to the order in which the two end caps 45, 46 are formedby molding.

From an understanding of the above, some variations are possible withapplications according to the present disclosure can be understood. Forexample, the support structure 81 need not be integral with interimsupport for the media. That is, the support structure 81 can be providednot attached directly or integral with, any structure around which themedia is positioned, if desired. For example, the support 81 and anyinner liner can be separately provided, and then each incorporated intothe cartridge during manufacture, for example, each embedded inmolded-in-place end cap material. Further, the cartridge can be providedwith no inner liner, or with an inner liner surrounded by the media thatis not configured as a sonic choke. Further, and referring to FIG. 9,structure of the support arrangement that supports the inner seal, forexample at 105 need not be directly connected to an optional supportused to support the outer seal, for example as shown at 118. Rather, aring that supports the outer seal, if used, can be completelydisattached from any structure that supports the inner seal.

Further, there is no specific requirement that different sections of thesupport structure or support arrangement being configured from the samematerial. For example, an inner liner can be made of an expanded metalconstruction, whereas support for one or both of the seals can be madefrom plastic.

IV. Selected Housing Section and Outlet Tube Features, FIGS. 17-28 and31-32

In FIGS. 17-28 and 31-32, various features of the housing 2 and outlettube 15 are shown in detail. These are discussed in this section.

Referring to FIG. 17, housing section 3 is depicted as it wouldtypically appear, if molded from plastic. Viewable are previouslydescribed features as inlet tube 7 t, sidewall 3 s and mounting pad 11.Also depicted is rim 3 r which would be engaged by latch arrangement 5on access cover 4, FIG. 2. Outer housing features that define internalramp 17 can be viewed.

End 3 x of the housing section 3 is shown. Also shown is centralaperture 200 into which a portion of an outlet tube 15 would project, inuse. Lining aperture 200 is provided an optional interferencecorrugation or tooth arrangement 201) which operates as an indexingarrangement to facilitate positioning of outlet tube 15 as discussedbelow.

It is noted, referring to FIG. 17, that the housing section 3 depictedcan be conveniently molded from plastic if desired, however it can beconstructed from other materials.

In FIG. 18, a side elevational view of section 3 is depicted. In FIG.19, an end plan view of the section 3 is shown taken generally towardend 3 x. Here, aperture 200 with an interference region (in the exampleprovided by rib or tooth region 201) is viewable. It is noted that theoptional toothed or indexed region 201 optionally comprises plurality ofoutwardly flexible tabs 202. Also viewable is the tangential directionof inlet tube 7 t, relating to sidewall 3 s and central axis X.

In FIG. 20, a cross-sectional view taken generally along line 20-20,FIG. 19, is shown. In addition to features already described, at 210 isprovided a projection arrangement that extends axially into interior 2 iof the housing 2, from end 3 x. It is projection 210 that engages aportion of the outlet tube to form a joint, in installation. Theprojection arrangement 210 comprises the plurality of optional tabs 202,with optional ribs or toothed sections along radially inner portions ofarrangement 210.

Also referring to FIG. 20, attention is directed to inner sidewallregion 211. Region 211 includes support section 212 that forms sealsurface 67, for engagement by the surface 66 of optional secondary sealarrangement 65, FIGS. 3 and 3A. In region 211, surface 212 will (whenused) generally include a first end region 213 configured forapproximate line to line alignment with the cartridge 25, FIG. 3A; and,an optional opposite second end region 214 which will generally causeoptional compression of seal material in region 66 during installationof cartridge 26, FIG. 3A.

In FIG. 21, an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG. 20 isprovided. Regions 213 and 214 are viewable.

In FIG. 22, a perspective view of an outlet tube 15 is shown. The outlettube 15 includes: a connector region 220 which engages housing section 3in use. Tube 15 also includes gas flow tube region 221 and outlet 222.It is noted that the particular outlet tube 15 depicted is an elbowtube, i.e. the conduit therethrough makes it turn. Alternateconfigurations are possible.

Referring to FIG. 22, optional pressure tap 15 t referenced above isshown in tube section 221.

Still referring to FIG. 22, connector section 220 can be seen asincluding two ring sections: outer ring 224 and inner ring 225. Therings 224, 225 are discussed further below.

Referring to FIG. 22, the connector region 220 is provided withperipheral ring section 228 having optional tooth/projection region 229thereon. Tooth/rib region 229 is generally sized to interfere withoptional tooth/ribbed areas 201 on housing section 3. Thus, theelbow-shaped tube 221 can be rotated to a particular angle relative ahousing section 3 and will tend to remain in that orientation (indexed)unless overcome by a twisting motion.

In FIG. 23, a side elevational view of outlet tube 220 is depicted. Itis noted that in outlet tube 221, a rim 222 r is provided, to facilitateconnecting a hose or other duct work connection.

FIG. 24 is a plan view of outlet tube 15. FIG. 25 is a cross-sectionalview taken generally along line 25-25, FIG. 24.

Referring to FIG. 25, as indicated previously, the connector section222, generally comprises first and second ring sections 224, 225.Section 224 generally includes features for a secure connection to thehousing section 3 x. Section 224 also generally forms support 60 for theprimary seal arrangement 55, FIG. 3A, section 225 provides an outletflow section.

Still referring to FIG. 25, ring 224 can be seen as having an optionalsnap-fit lead in tip 226 and receiver section 227. Tip 226 will bepushed into aperture 200, FIG. 17 until snap-fit occurs, with portion ofhousing section 3 defining aperture 200 resting in region 227. ComparingFIG. 25 to FIG. 3A, it can be seen that tube 15 can be provided with anouter peripheral ring section 227 a and base 227 b on ring 224. In FIG.3A, this ring 227 a is shown with an axial projection 227 p thereon.This axial projection 227 p can engage around an axial outer projection230, FIG. 3A, on housing end 230 to facilitate water sealing. It isnoted that the ring 227 p, FIG. 25, is shown without this optionalprojection 227 p (viewable in FIG. 3A).

In FIG. 26, an enlarged fragmentary view of a selected portion of FIG.25 is shown.

In FIG. 27, a cross-sectional view taken generally along line 27-27,FIG. 23 is shown.

In FIG. 28, an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG. 27 isviewable. In particular rib section 229 can be seen. Also viewable inFIG. 27 is that there are opposite rib section 229 on opposite sides ofthe ring 224.

In FIG. 31, access cover 4 is depicted as it would be made if moldedfrom plastic and without latches 5 and positioned thereon. In FIG. 32, across-sectional view of access cover 4 is provided. Flange 33 isviewable. Slit or space 33 x in flange 33 allows for drainage fromflange 33 of water that may enter an interior flange 33, in use.

V. Detailed Discussion of Selected Specific Features A. The Primary SealArrangement 55 and Recess, Receiver or Groove 73

Referring back to FIGS. 7 and 8, it is noted that in a typical assembly,the definition of the primary radial seal surface 55 s, in the exampledepicted in optional recess, receiver or receiving groove 73 will be asdiscussed in this section, although alternatives are possible.Typically, the recess, receiver or groove 73, when present, will be atleast 5 mm deep, usually at least 8 mm deep, often 10-25 mm deep, indeepest extension from at least one or the other of surfaces 72 x, 72 iand typically from both. Also, typically adjacent bottom end 73 b, therecess, receiver or groove 73 will be at least 3 mm wide, typically atleast 5 mm wide, between opposite sidewalls 73 x, 73 i, (disregardingany taper at the very bottom).

Alternately stated, typically, when used, the inner and outer sidewalls73 i, 73 x of the optional recess, receiver or receiving groove 73, in alower portion of the groove 73 are spaced at least 3 mm apart, typicallyat least 5 mm apart, often spaced an amount within the range of 5-10 mminclusive, apart. Although alternatives are possible, typically thespacing is not more than 15 mm apart, at a widest location within adeepest 30% and typically at a widest location within a deepest 35% ofthe groove 73, when the seal surface formed in the recess, receiver orgroove is circular. It is recognized that sidewall 73 x, 73 i may taperinwardly toward one another at the very bottom 73 b of the groovehowever.

Typically, at its outside end adjacent surfaces 72 x, 72, FIG. 8, theoptional recess, receiver or groove 73 will be at least 5 mm wide andtypically at least 7 mm wide, often 7-25 mm wide, when the seal surfaceformed in the groove is circular.

An axial length of the surface portion 73 r of the recess, receiver orgroove 73 (FIG. 8) that is compressed radially inwardly the most, as aradial outwardly directed seal, is formed in this region, willpreferably have an axial length typically at least 5 mm long, typically8-20 mm long; and, usually will be spaced from one or the other, andtypically from both, of surface sections 72 x, 72 i, a distance of atleast 4 mm, often an amount within the range of 4-15 mm.

Referring to FIG. 7, typically the portion of the molding 70 m thatdefines radial seal surface 55 s is at least 5 mm thick, typically atleast 7 mm thick and usually 7-25 mm thick, in width (when undistorted)from aperture 50 to surface 55 s. Preferably, surface 55 s is not spacedfurther then 50 mm from aperture 50, although alternatives are possible.Also, typically the support 80, FIG. 5 is embedded in this region,spaced a distance from a closest portion of surface 55 s, beforedistortion from compression in installation, that is not more than 20 mmand typically not more than 15 mm, although alternatives are possible.

In general, even with a variety of cartridges of a variety of sizes,such characterizations of the optional recess, receiver or receivinggroove 73 when used will be useful and acceptable in providing for both:a good first radial seal 55; and, a region for receiving therein,axially projecting portions of both the outlet tube 15 and engagingportions of the housing section 3.

Typically, the molding 70 m that defines a radial seal surface 55 x isconfigured, relative to the support 80 so that the material that formsthe radial seal will be such that seal surface 55 s compress (maximallyradially) toward the first seal support 80 at least 10% of itsthickness, typically at least 15% of its undistorted thickness andusually an amount within 15-35% of its undistorted thickness, wheninstalled. Typical examples would involve compression within the rangeof 20-30%, inclusive, of its undistorted radial thickness.

B. The Optional Outer Secondary Seal Surface 66

Referring again to FIGS. 7 and 8, typically the outer surface 66 isspaced radially from surface 55 s a distance of at least 3 mm, often atleast 5 mm, in many instances at least 10 mm, usually at least 15 mm,and in an arrangement when configured as shown typically at least 20 mm.Typically, this distance of spacing is on the order of 20-80 mm, butalternatives are possible.

Typically, the first radially directed seal surface has a seal perimeterlargest cross-sectional size of at least 6 mm smaller, often at least 10mm smaller, more often at least 20 mm smaller, and in an arrangement asdepicted usually at least 30 mm smaller, than the second radiallydirected seal surface. The “seal perimeter largest cross-sectional size”will typically be a diameter when circular seal surfaces are defined. Itis noted that typically, when the cartridge is as depicted, a firstradially directed seal surface has a seal perimeter largestcross-sectional size of at least 30 mm smaller than the second radiallydirected seal surface.

Typically, the second seal surface 66, where compression occurs againstthe support 81, is spaced no more than 8 mm from that support 80.Typically, the material in this region is configured to compress atleast 3% maximally (radially) toward the second seal support, usually atleast 5%, and often an amount within the range of 5-20%.

It is noted that in the example depicted, although alternatives arepossible, much of the seal axial length of surface 66 that is compressedduring installation, is spaced axially away from surface 72 x furtherthan a bottom end of the receiving groove 73. This will be typical whenthe cartridge 25 is constructed as described herein. Usually, surface 66extends over a distance of at least 2 mm beyond a bottom 73 b of groove73, axially, toward an opposite end 46 of the cartridge 25.

C. Usable Materials for Molding the End Caps 45, 46

A variety of materials can be used for the end cap materials 45, 46 whenthey are molded-in-place, to form both a good seal across ends of themedia pack and good housing seals. Typically, a foamed material having ahardness Shore A, of no greater than about 30, typically no greater thanabout 22, was preferably below 20 is used. Typically, the materialchosen has an “as molded density” of no greater than 28 lbs., per cubicfoot (about 450 kilograms per cubic meter) more preferably no more thanabout 22 lbs. per cubic foot (355 kilograms per cubic meter) andtypically no greater than about 18 lbs. per cubic foot (290 kilogramsper cubic meter). Often, materials are chosen that have an as moldeddensity within in the range of 13-17 pounds per foot (200-275kilograms/cubic meter). Herein, the term “as molded density” is meant torefer to its normal definition of a weight divided by its volume. Awater displacement or similar test can be used to determine volume of asample of a molded foam. It is not necessary when applying the volumetest, to pressure water absorption into the pores of the porousmaterial, to displace the air that the pores represent. Thus, the waterdisplacement test used, to determine sample volume, would be inimmediate displacement without waiting for long period to displace airwithin the material pores. Alternately stated, only the volumerepresented by the outer perimeter of the sample need to be used for theas molded density calculation.

Typically, a resin is chosen that will rise during cure, and whichincrease in volume during cure by at least 40%, typically at least 60%;and, often an amount of 80% or greater.

Commercially available foaming polyurethane can be used for the end capmolded-in-place materials. A detailed description of usable polyurethanecan be found in such prior art as WO 2006/026241, incorporated herein byreference.

D. The Media Pack

The particular material chosen for the media is a matter of choice for aselected application. When the filter assembly is an air cleaner, any ofa variety of media materials now used in air cleaners can be used withprinciples according to the present disclosure.

The media pack can comprise only media 26 or the media can be providedwith an inner and/or outer liner before installation in the cartridge25. The media can be pleated, although alternatives are possible. Themedia can include hot melt media tip spacers or other media spacers ifdesired. The media may be provided with pleats spacers formed fromcorrugations and/or folds in the media. The media can be provided in avariety of configurations including cylindrical and conical, and with avariety of inner and/or outer perimeter definitions, for examplecircular or oval.

E. Example Dimensions of an Example Arrangement

The principles described herein can be applied in a variety of systemsof a variety of sizes and specific features. Example dimensions areprovided of a usable system. However, it is noted that these are meantto be exemplary only, and not to indicate in any specific manner,limitation on the broad application of the principles described. Exampledimensional and angles indicated by reference letters in the drawingsare as follows: AA=112 mm; AB=76.7 mm; AC=56.5 mm; AD=35.2 mm; AE=186.4mm; AF=173.5 mm; AG=205.2 mm; AH=113.5 mm; AI=24.5 mm; AJ=42.7 mm;AK=54.4 mm; AL=269.8 mm; AM=136.4 mm; AN=47°; AO=280.3 mm; AP=130.4 mm;AQ=78.7 mm; AR=129.5 mm; AS=11 mm; AT=5.5 mm; AU=30°; AV=2 mm radius;AW=130.42 mm diameter; AX=128.45 mm; AZ=87.53 mm; BA=78.74 mm; BB=55.32mm; BC=3 mm radius; BD=3 mm; BE=6 mm; BF=25.5 mm; BG=53.4 mm; BH=130.2mm; BI=1.5 mm; BJ=6.62 mm; BK=16 mm; BL=3 mm radius; BM=2 mm radius;BN=1 mm radius; BO=1 mm radius; BP=4 mm radius; BQ=2 mm radius; BR=231.4mm; BS=121.1 mm; BT=2 mm; BU=6.4 mm; BV=7°; BW=123.5 diameter; mm;BX=0.95 mm; BY=18°; BZ=47.6° ′ CA=29.36 mm diameter; CB=0.5 mm radius:CC=0.5°; CD=0.5 mm radius; CE=1.7 mm; CF=1.3 mm radius; CG=0.5 mmradius; CH=6.5 mm; CI=15.8°; CJ=95.6 mm; CK=3.3 mm; CL=18.9 mm; CM=1.5mm; CN=30 mm radius; CO=14.2 mm radius; CP=0.2°; CQ=3 mm radius; CR=16mm; CS=2°; CT=15 mm; CU=21.9 mm; CV=12 mm; CW=31.6 mm; CX=15.8 mm; CY=9mm; CZ=6 mm; DA=105 mm; DB=112 mm; DC=40 mm; DD=6 mm; DE=15 mm; DF=9 mm;DG=80.7 mm; DH=210 mm; DI=55.8 mm; DJ=54.9 mm; DK=144.7 mm; DL=124.4 mm;DM=89 mm; DN=12.7 mm; DO=82.2 mm; DP=80 mm; DQ=33.1 mm; DR=164.9 mm;DS=169.6 mm; DT=182.7 mm; DU=10.9 mm; DV=1.5 mm; DW=1.5 mm; DX=30°;DY=0.9 mm; DZ=17 mm; EA=81.2 mm; EB=44.6 mm; EC=110.6 mm; ED=66 mm;EE=89.2 mm; EF=24.7 mm radius; EG=3.1 mm; EH=45°; EI=89.2 mm; EJ=82.21mm; EK=79.56 mm; EL=74.5 mm; EM=63.1 mm; EN=52.9 mm; EO=46.7 mm; EP=50.8mm; EQ=55.2 mm; ER=2.1 mm; ES=1.6 mm; ET=0.7 mm radius; EU=6 mm; EV=25.3mm; EW=2.5 mm; EX=1.4 mm; EY=8 mm; EZ=17 mm; FA=2 mm; FB=45°; FC=2.5 mm;FD=3 mm; FE=2 mm; FF=4.9 mm; FG=1 mm radius; FI=120°; FJ=30°; FK=9.3 mm;FH=62.4 mm radius; FL=125.5 mm; FM=100 mm; FN=60°; FO=1.5 mm radius;FP=8.5 mm; FQ=5 mm; FR=3 mm radius; FS=3 mm radius; FT=72.3 mm; FU=75.8mm; FV=29.5 mm; FW=196.5 mm; FX=40°; FY=186.4 mm; FZ=120.5 mm; GA=97.7mm; GB=1.5 mm; GC=132.28 mm; GD=168.9 mm; GE=183.9 mm; GF=54.9 mm.

F. The Optional Resonator/Sonic Choke

As indicated above, in an aspect of the present application, the filtercartridge 25 can be provided with an optional resonator/sonic choke (orsonic choke/resonator). An example sonic choke is provided whichincludes: a throat; an expanding funnel section between the throat and afirst end piece (cap) of the cartridge; a permeable liner sectionadjacent the second end piece (cap) of the cartridge; and, a transitionregion between the throat and the liner section. In the exampledepicted, the transition region tapers downwardly to the throat, andincludes: an outwardly convex permeable section adjacent the linersection; and, an outwardly concave section adjacent the throat.

In an example depicted, the throat has an internal diameter of at least25 mm, typically at least 26 mm and often within the range of 26-35 mm,inclusive.

In an example depicted, the funnel section is impermeable, althoughalternatives are possible. The funnel section generally expands from thethroat to the first end piece (cap) at an internal angle of at least 5°and typically within the range of 6°-8°, inclusive, in expansion fromthe throat to the first end piece (cap).

In an example arrangement depicted, the outwardly concave section of thetransition region is preferably impermeable, i.e. it is a solid wall.This provides advantage with respect to the combination of noisesuppression and air flow characteristics of the resonator/sonic choke.

Typically, the outwardly concave section of the transition region is anouter radius of curvature of at least 25 mm, typically an outer radiusof curvature within the range of 26-35 mm, inclusive.

Typically, the outwardly convex section of the transition region has aradius of curvature of at least 10 mm, typically an amount within therange of 12-18 mm, inclusive.

Typically, the outwardly convex section of the transition region is atleast 40% open, typically at least 50% and often 60% open or more. By“open” reference is meant to the amount of outwardly convex section thatcomprises aperture as opposed to solid wall. This particularconfiguration facilitates air flow, from regions of the media 26 thatdirectly surround an impermeable conical section, into an interior ofthe sonic choke and resonator, and the through the outlet end cap 50.

VI. Alternative Embodiments; Alternative Applications of SelectedPrinciples. FIGS. 33-70 A. General

In FIGS. 33-57, some optional alternate principles and featuresapplicable in arrangements according to the present disclosure areprovided. The features in part relate to alternate configurations forthe primary seal that can be implemented to advantage. These alternateprimary seal configurations can be used with a secondary seal, or theycan be used in arrangements without a secondary seal, and advantage canstill be obtained.

In FIGS. 58-65, a preferred mold arrangement and molding techniques formaking portions of filter cartridges of the type depicted in FIGS. 33-57are depicted.

In FIGS. 66-70, schematic depictions of alternate seal shapes that canbe used in filter cartridge and assemblies according to the presentdisclosure are shown.

B. The Second Embodiment and Variations of FIGS. 33-57

The reference numeral 500, FIG. 33, generally depicts a filter (in theexample an air cleaner) assembly according to a second embodiment of thepresent disclosure, which uses a modified and advantageous primary sealbetween a filter cartridge and a housing. Referring to FIG. 33, the aircleaner assembly 500 is depicted in cross-section and comprises housing502 defining a main housing body 503 and access cover 504; the accesscover 504 being removably secured to the housing body 503 by a latcharrangement 505, not shown in FIG. 33, see FIG. 51.

The housing 502 defines an interior 502 i, in which is positioned aremovable and replaceable, i.e. serviceable, filter cartridge 510. Thecartridge 510 is discussed in detail below. It is noted that in FIG. 33a portion of an end piece (cap) on the cartridge 510 is not shown, sointernal structural detail can be seen. This will be understood byreference to the discussion below of FIGS. 34-35.

Still referring to FIG. 33, the air cleaner assembly 500 includes, onhousing 502, an end wall 511 with an air flow tube 512 projectingoutwardly therefrom. Tube 512 will typically be a clean air outlet tubeused analogously to tube 15, FIG. 1; however if reverse flow is used, itwould be an inlet tube. Tube 512 also includes an optional pressure tap512 x thereon. The tube 512 can, as shown, be a separate structure froma remainder of the housing 502, which is then attached to a remainder ofthe housing 502 to form the overall housing of the air cleaner assembly500. Alternatives are possible.

The housing 502 depicted further includes an optional dust ejector tubearrangement 514 with evacuator valve arrangement 515 positioned thereon.

Referring to FIG. 51, an optional mounting pad arrangement on thehousing 502 is shown at 516.

Referring back to FIG. 33, air flow inlet ramp is shown at 517. A shieldin body section 503 is shown at 518 and a shield in access cover section504 is shown at 519. Aperture 520 is positioned in access cover 504 fordust and water access to an interior of ejector tube 514 shown at 514 i.

At 521, FIG. 51, an air cleaner assembly inlet tube is depicted.

In FIG. 33A, a plan view taken toward access cover 504 is provided. FIG.33A indicates, at line 33-33, the view of FIG. 33.

As thus far described, the assembly 500 is generally analogous toassembly 1. The features identified may be configured to operateanalogously to similar features described in connection with theembodiment of assembly 1, previously described.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 35, a side elevational view ofcartridge 510 with portions shown in cross-sectional view to observeinternal detail. The cartridge 510 is a service component, usable withair cleaner 500. Specifically, when access cover 504 is removed from aremainder of the housing 502, cartridge 510 can be installed or beremoved for servicing.

In general, and referring to FIG. 35, the cartridge 510 comprises media525, in the example positioned around an open filter interior 526 (and acentral cartridge axis X) although alternatives are possible, inextension between first and second end pieces (or end caps) 528, 529. Itis noted that in FIG. 35, end piece 528 is positioned at an exit (in theexample open) end of the cartridge 510, through which air (gas) can flowduring operation. In FIG. 33, the cartridge 510 is positioned withoutcertain portions of end piece (cap) 528 in place, so that preferredinternal structural detail can be viewed. The portions of end piece(cap) 528 not depicted in FIG. 33 are, for typical applications of theprinciples described herein, molded-in-place portions, althoughalternatives are possible.

Typically then, and although alternatives are possible, at least aportion of end piece 528 is molded-in-place, with end 525 x of the media525 embedded therein; and, at least a portion of end piece 529 ismolded-in-place, with end 525 y of media 525 embedded therein. The media525 can comprise pleated media, although alternatives are possible. Theselection of the media and media form is a matter of choice forefficiency and usage lifetime concerns, and generally media and mediafeatures such as those discussed previously, or used in a variety of air(gas) filters, can be used.

The media 525 is shown positioned around an inner liner or centralsupport 527, which, in the example depicted, includes an optionalresonator/sonic choke arrangement 546 which may be generally aspreviously described for cartridge 25, FIG. 5.

End piece 529 is typically a closed end piece, as shown, and maygenerally correspond to end piece (cap) 42, FIG. 5.

End piece 528 is an open end piece with central air flow aperture 530therethrough. End piece 528 includes a first, primary, seal arrangement533 and an optional, secondary, seal arrangement 534. The optionalsecondary seal arrangement 534 may be configured generally analogous toseal arrangement 66, FIG. 5, discussed previously, although alternativesare possible, including ones described in later embodiments discussedbelow.

As with of the earlier described embodiment, primary seal arrangement533 is configured in the example depicted as a radially outwardlydirected radial seal or seal surface, positioned in axial overlap withthe media. It can be alternately configured as a radially inwardlydirected seal, however, if desired. The cartridge central axis isindicated at X, and radial direction in this context is meant toindicate a direction toward (if inward) or away from (if outward) axisX.

Also, as with the earlier described embodiment, typically the primaryseal arrangement 833 is a “non-clamp”, “non-clamping” or “clampless”seal arrangement, in that no additional clamp is provided which needs tobe tightened, to provide secured engagement and sealing. Rather, theseal establishes upon appropriate and proper installation of thecartridge 510 within a housing.

Referring to FIG. 37, closed end piece 529 is depicted with a bumpers537 analogous to bumpers 464 (FIG. 29) previously described. The endpiece 529 is also viewable in the bottom perspective view of FIG. 34.

In FIG. 34A, an isometric view of cartridge 510 is provided, the viewbeing generally toward end piece 528 and aperture 530

Attention is now directed to FIG. 36. FIG. 36 is an end view ofcartridge 510 taken generally toward end piece 528. At 533, the radiallydirected housing seal (or seal surface) that forms the primary sealarrangement is shown. Again, it is noted that for the particular exampledepicted, the housing radial seal 533 is directed generally radiallyoutwardly, with respect to a cartridge central axis X, FIG. 35, althoughalternatives are possible.

Referring to FIG. 36, for the example cartridge 510 depicted the primaryseal 533 comprises a seal surface defining a non-circular configuration.It is preferably a configuration having alternating outwardly projecting(in the example outwardly directed convex) sections or lobes 533 xspaced by, in the example non-straight, (typically inwardly projectingand in the example curved, concave) sections 533 y. The particularnumber of outwardly projecting (in the example curved, convex) sealsurface sections 533 x and inwardly projecting (in the example curved,concave) sections 533 y is not critical to obtaining at least someadvantage. Typically, the number of each will be at least two; usuallyat least three, sometimes 4-8, inclusive, and often each and preferablywill be a number within the range of 4-10, for example 6-8, inclusive,although alternatives are possible.

In alternate definitions, the seal surface 533 can be characterized ascomprising a plurality of spaced lobes or radially outwardly projecting(for example convex) sections 533 x, spaced from one another by (in theexample non-straight, for example concave) sections 533 y of surface533. Typically, there are at least two such outwardly projecting lobesor sections, usually at least three, sometimes 4-8, inclusive, and oftenand preferably an amount within the range of 4-10, inclusive (forexample, 6-8, inclusive) although alternatives are possible.

Still referring to FIGS. 35 and 36 surrounding the primary seal memberor surface 533 is provided recess, receiver or receiving groove 540. Therecess, receiver or receiving groove 540 is a receiver positioned anddefined to receive, projecting therein, a portion of the housing end 511and tube 512, analogously to groove 73, see FIG. 3A.

For the particular cartridge 510 depicted, the recess, receiver orreceiving groove 540 is configured with an inner wall forming surface533 that is preferably non-circular in definition as described.Preferably, the outer wall 541 of the groove 540, FIG. 35, is generallycircular in definition around central axis X, although alternatives arepossible.

In FIG. 38, a central support 545, for cartridge 510 is shown. Thesupport 545 can be made and used as support 527, FIG. 35. It can beanalogous to support 90, discussed above in connection with FIGS. 9-16for the embodiment of FIGS. 1-32, except as modified to accommodate thenon-circular seal 535. In the example depicted, the support 545, inpart, defines optional sonic resonator/choke 546.

Referring to FIG. 38, support 545 includes an end structure 548comprising an inner seal support or hub 549 spaced from, and surroundedby, outer support 550, secured by struts or open grid work arrangement551. The support 549 will be embedded in the end piece 528 (and sealarrangement 533) in use, providing support for controlled compression ininstallation. Thus, support 549 operates in many ways analogously tosupport 105, FIG. 9. The particular hub 549 depicted, includes acontinuous wall having a non-circular shape preferably comprising aplurality of radially outwardly projecting (in the example curved) lobesor seal support sections 549 x alternating with radially inwardlyprojecting (in the example curved) seal sections 549 y. (Alternatively,in the example depicted hub 549 can be characterized as non-circular andcomprising a plurality of lobes 549 x separated by, in the examplenon-straight, radially inwardly projecting sections 549 y).Characterizations of various usable hub shapes for hub 549 are discussedin more detail below.

The number of radially outwardly projecting (for example curved orconvex) sections 549 x and inwardly directed (for example curved orconcave) sections 549 y when the shape is as shown, is appropriate forthe seal configuration involved. Thus, there are typically at least twoof each, usually at least three of each sometimes 4-8, inclusive, andoften and preferably an amount within the range of 4-10, inclusive, forexample 6-8 inclusive, of each.

Referring to FIG. 38, it is noted that the in the example depicted thenon-circular seal support section of hub 549 is solid and continuous,i.e. does not have lateral apertures therethrough in extension axiallybeyond struts 551 toward tip 549 p. This will be typical, althoughalternatives are possible.

The outer support 550 and struts 551 may be generally analogous tosupport 108 and struts 110, FIG. 9.

It is again noted that support 545 includes an optional sonic chokearrangement 546 in the arrangement depicted, typically analogous to thesonic choke arrangement described with respect to FIG. 10.

In FIG. 39, a side elevational view of support 545 is depicted. Ring 554is viewable, analogous to ring 125 FIG. 10. Flow apertures 555 forresin, analogous to flow apertures 121 are depicted. In sum, referringto FIG. 39, the example support 545 depicted is generally analogous tosupport 90 except for the specific configuration of the inner support(or hub) 549, FIG. 38.

In FIG. 40, an end view of structure 548 is viewable. In FIG. 41, anopposite end view of support 545 is viewable.

In FIG. 42, an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view of support 548is depicted. It can be seen that the support section 548 includes aninner axial flange 560 defining a trough 561 analogously to flange 120and trough 120 e, FIG. 16. The aperture 555 provides for resin flow intotrough 561.

In FIG. 43, an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG. 42 isviewable. A radially inward region of the struts 551, analogous toportion 128, FIG. 16, is shown at 564. Also, it can be seen that strut551 is extended at an angle HF relative to a plane perpendicular tocentral axis X of greater than 0° and generally analogous to the anglediscussed above in connection with FIG. 16 at CS. Referring to FIG. 33,a slanting of the struts 551 away from the media 525 x and in extensionradially outwardly is viewable. It is noted that in FIG. 33, the media525 is not shown abutting any portion of the grid arrangement 551. It isexpected, however, that on the radial innermost portion, there may besome axial contact between the two, in some instances.

In FIG. 44, a fragmentary view of support 545 is depicted.

In FIG. 45, a flow (in the example outlet) tube construction 570 isdepicted, having outlet tube 512 thereon, along with pressure tap 512 x.The outlet tube 512 includes a seal surface 571, in the example directedcomprising a radially inwardly directed seal surface against which seal533 will form a radially outwardly directed seal, when cartridge 510 isengaged. In many other manners, tube arrangement 570 can be generallyanalogous to tube arrangement 15, FIG. 22. It is noted that projections572, for rotational interlock with the housing 502, mounted on ring 572r differ in shape, number and location from section 228, FIG. 22. Thisis discussed further below.

In FIG. 45, tube construction 570 is viewed as having a plurality ofradially spaced snap-fit cam projections 573 radially positioned on ring572 r. The ring 572 r is a portion of the tube construction 570 that ispushed into the receiver aperture and a housing section in use.Projections 573 will provide a snap-fit when this occurs, inhibitingseparation.

In FIG. 46, a side elevational view of tube construction or arrangement570 is depicted. In FIG. 48 a top plan view of the tube construction570, FIG. 46, is shown. In FIG. 47, a cross-sectional view takengenerally along line 47-47, FIG. 48 is depicted. In FIG. 49, across-sectional view taken generally along line 49-49, FIG. 46 isdepicted. In FIG. 50, an enlarged fragmentary view of an identifiedportion of FIG. 49 is shown.

Attention is directed to FIG. 49. It is noted that individualprojections 572, in the example tube 570 depicted, are each positionedin radial alignment with a thin extension 574 of wall 575; in eachinstance radially aligned with a hollow section 576. This allows forsome spring effect as tube 570 is rotated and projections 572 engage atoothed housing section, to facilitate rotational lock of section 570 ina housing 502. Also, it helps avoid any deformation that might occur inthe regions 574, either during formation or under pressure from theprojections 572, from affecting the shape of seal surface area 571. Forexample, it is important that surface 571 be properly molded, duringplastic molding of tube 570. The hollows 526 facilitate even cooling toget minimal distortion in surface 571. In FIG. 50, one of the hollowsections 576 is readily viewable in detail.

In general, for the cartridge 510 depicted in FIG. 35, the housing seal533 is a non-circular side surface of a groove 540, and is shaped tohave a plurality of alternating seal surface sections that are eitherradially outwardly projecting or inwardly projecting (in the exampledepicted curved) creating a seal perimeter that is non-circular andcomprises alternating outwardly projecting and inwardly projectingsections. Referring to FIG. 49, when a cartridge 510 is installed, thecartridge seal arrangement 533 is pressed into sealing engagement (byradial seal) with a similarly shaped seal support 571 in the housing,without a separate clamp. In the particular example depicted the sealhousing surface 571 is formed as part of an outlet tube construction570.

In the example cartridge 510, the primary seal arrangement is configuredas the radially inside surface or wall (outward facing surface 533) ofrecess, receiver or receiving groove 540 in the end cap 528, FIG. 35.The recess, receiver or receiving groove 540 is configured to receiveprojecting therein, not only the portion of the outlet tube into whichsealing occurs, but also a portion of the housing sidewall snap-fit tothe tube. Thus, a joint in the housing, between the outlet tube section570 and the housing end wall 511, is received in the groove 540 of thecartridge 516, see FIG. 33.

By a comparison of FIGS. 36, 38 and 49, it can be understood that whenthe seal configuration comprises alternating radially outwardlyprojecting sections 533 x and inwardly projecting sections 533 y, andthe housing seal surface 571 (FIG. 49) also comprises alternateoutwardly projecting sections 571 x and radially inwardly projectingsections 571 y, the surface sections 571 y can project in betweenoutwardly segments 533 x of the seal arrangement 533. This can help lockthe seal arrangement 533 rotationally. Further, it provides for asecure, unique feel to the installer of the cartridge 510, helping theinstaller tell that the cartridge 510 is properly installed and fullysealed. This facilitates installation without leaving a leak path in theprimary seal 533. It is especially convenient when the number ofsegments 533 y is at least 4, since proper engagement occurs withrelatively little cartridge rotation.

It is noted that the primary seal 533 is all that is required in someapplications. However, advantage can be obtained from having a secondaryseal in some instances. This is discussed in the next portion of thissection.

Referring to FIG. 35, the cartridge 510 includes a secondary seal 534,FIG. 35 that engages a housing sidewall. The secondary seal 534,similarly to the second seal 65 and seal surface 66, FIG. 4, can besupported by an optional seal support 581 on the cartridge 510, embeddedin the end cap material. This optional support is provided by optionalsupport 550 on structure 545, FIG. 38.

Optional support 550 includes optional spaced tabs 531 t, similarly tothe support, of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-32. Indeed, for theconfiguration of the primary seal 533, the arrangement of FIGS. 33-50 isgenerally analogous to the arrangement of FIGS. 1-32.

A number of advantages are provided by the seal configuration depicted,for the primary seal 533. Again, the (outlet) tube 570 cannot be veryradially rotated relative to the housing body 503, once the tube 570engaged by the cartridge 510. Thus, a more secure seal can be obtainednot subject to rotational stresses and forces.

Further, the multi-lobe or multi-projection seal is “self-aligning”because parts of the (typically curved) sealing surfaces on the variouslobes or projections face partially and circumferentially in atangential direction. That is, portions of the seal surface 533 are notdirected perfectly radially. Thus, as the seal 533 is pushed in place,any imbalance in pressure on the lobes (projections) will cause the sealto rotate a little and self-correct for any misalignment. The seal 533is still referenced as radial, since the sealing compression is stillgreatly toward or away from axis X, as opposed to being in axialalignment therewith (i.e. in the longitudinal direction of axis X).

In addition, as discussed above, the unique configuration of the seal533 can help the service provider ensure that a proper cartridge 510 forthe system has been selected, and it will be fairly straight forward torecognize when the cartridge is not properly installed, since thecomponents can be selected such that inhibition to closing the accesscover will result until the cartridge lobes properly align with theoutlet tube lobes.

It is noted that further discussion regarding possible sealconfigurations and seal advantages is provided herein below.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 51, a side elevational view ofassembly 500. In FIG. 51, the housing 502 can be seen as comprisingsection 503 and access cover 504 secured together by latch arrangement505. Also viewable if that the outlet tube 512 can comprise a portion oftube 570, the inlet 521 and the ejector tube 514. Attention is directedto the cross-section line 52-52, which, it will be understood fromfurther discussion below, is taken through a portion of the housingsection 503, the outlet tube 512 and the cartridge 510.

Attention is directed to FIG. 52. FIG. 52 is drawn showing portions ofthe cartridge 510 aligned with portions of the housing section 503,where sealing will occur. However, it is noted that the molded-in-placeportions of end cap 528 are not depicted in FIG. 52, so structuraldetail can be viewed.

First, referring to FIG. 52, attention is directed to seal surface 571and hub 549. It will be understood that the space 579 between the two,can be filled by the material forming seal surface 533, i.e. part of themolded-in-place portions of end piece 528. It can be seen that theoutwardly directed projection(s) 549 x on the hub 549 are aligned withoutwardly projecting regions 571 x on surface 571; and, the inwardlyprojecting region(s) 549 y on the hub 549 are aligned with inwardlyprojecting regions 571 y on the wall 571. Further, it can be seen thatrotational interference will occur, preventing rotation. Also, it willbe seen that as the cartridge 510 is inserted into the sea surface 571should some misalignment occurs, as the service provider rotates thecartridge 510 slightly, that service provider will feel the seal as itlocks into proper engagement.

Also, referring to FIG. 52, engagement between individual ones of theprojections 572 in a ratchet or resistance manner, with toothed orratchet surface or region 581 in the housing section 503 can be seen.This is discussed in further detail below.

In FIG. 53, a perspective view of housing section 503 is shown. At end511, aperture 580 is depicted. The aperture 580 includes a portion 580 tlined with notches, teeth or ratchet structure 581 and flex tabs 582. Asthe tube structure 570, FIG. 45, is inserted into aperture 580, members572 will engage teeth 581 to help secure the tube 570 in a selectedrotational orientation. Flex tabs 582 will help provide for a snap-fitaffect, as will members 573, FIG. 46. It is noted that the tube can berotated manually to overcome the ratchet effect, during initialinstallation, so that when an elbow tube 512 is used, it can be rotatedas desired. Once the cartridge 510 is installed, however, it tends tolock the tube 570 in a particular rotational orientation. This is, inpart, due to the effect of the perimeter or secondary seal on 534, onthe cartridge 510 as discussed above, engaging a sidewall section of thehousing section 503. Also, inhibition of rotation of the tube 570 willresult from axial pressure on the cartridge 510 driving it against end511, as the access cover 504 is put in place.

In FIG. 54, a side elevational view of housing section 503 is provided.In FIG. 55, a top plan view of housing section 503 is provided. In FIG.56, a cross-sectional view taken along line 56-56, FIG. 55, is provided.In FIG. 57, an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion indicated in FIG.56 is provided. At 590, FIG. 57, a seal surface portion of housingsection 503 is depicted, against which secondary seal surface 534 ofcartridge 510, FIG. 35 seals when the cartridge 510 is installed. Thisis analogous to the embodiment of FIGS. 1-32.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 33B, an enlarged fragmentary view of aportion of FIG. 33, showing engagement between a portion of tube 570 andend 511 of housing section 503. In FIG. 33B, analogous to FIG. 33,portions of molded-in-place seal material of end cap 528 are not shown,so structural detail can be viewed.

Referring to FIG. 33B, at 591, a joint is depicted between tube 570 andthe housing section 502 which will project into recess, receiver orreceiving groove 540 on the cartridge 510, FIG. 35, during installation.Also, viewable in FIG. 33B is structurally effective for inhibitingwater leakage in the joint 591. Specifically, in FIG. 33, it can be seenthat the tube 570 includes a radially projecting mounting ring portion593 that engages end 511, and rim projection section 595 that projectstoward end 511; and, end 511 includes a recess 511 r into which the rimsection 595 projects. Also, end wall 511 includes a projection ring 511p that projects toward ring portion 593 from tube 570, at a locationsurrounded by rim projection section 595. When the snap-fit engagementbetween the tube 570 and housing sections 503 occurs at end 511, atortuous path for water movement indicated by ring projection 595 inrecess 511 r, and projecting ring 511 p inhibits water from flowing intointerior 502 i of the housing 502. This effect is particularlydesirable, when housing 502 is oriented with end 511 projectingupwardly.

C. Assembly of Cartridge 510, Especially End Piece 528, FIGS. 58-65

In a preferred application of principles according to the presentdisclosure, end piece 528 includes a portion molded-in-place, onpreformed portions of the cartridge 510. Specifically, end piece 528comprises material molded-in-place over end 525 x of the media 525, andvarious portions of support arrangement 545, adjacent seal supports 549,550 and struts 551. Methods and mold arrangements applicable toaccomplish are discussed in this section, in connection with FIGS.58-65.

In FIG. 58, a top plan view of a mold 600 is depicted. The mold 600comprises a perimeter ring surface 601 surrounding a mold cavity 602.Centrally positioned within the mold cavity 602 is central projection603. During construction of a cartridge 510, resin is dispensed in moldcavity 602, typically with spinning to distribute the resin. The media(media pack) and support are then inserted into the mold cavity 602 andthe resin is then molded onto the media pack and support in anappropriate manner to form end cap 528.

In FIG. 59, a cross-sectional view of mold 600 is provided. It is notedthat cavity 602 includes ring 610 therein, which, in the moldedcartridge, end cap 528 will form groove 40, FIG. 35.

Radially outwardly from projection 610 is mold cavity section 602 x, anouter perimeter of which, located at 602 p, will form the outer sealsurface 534, FIG. 35 in the molded material.

Positioned radially inwardly from support 610 is inner mold cavitysection 602 i. Inner surface 610 i of projection 610 will be configuredto form outwardly directed radial seal surface 533, FIG. 35, for theprimary seal.

In FIG. 60, an enlarged fragmentary view of cavity 602 and centralprojection 603 is depicted. It is noted that the central projection 603includes an outer perimeter 603 p with a first member of a moldrotational alignment arrangement therein, indicated generally at 612.For the particular arrangement depicted, the mold rotational alignmentarrangement 612 comprises a plurality of recesses or grooves 613,generally vertically oriented and positioned spaced from one another,radially, around an outer perimeter of projection 603. The particularassembly depicted uses six such grooves, although alternates (usually3-10, inclusive) are possible. It is also noted that the grooves aredepicted radially evenly spaced from one another around a center of post603; however, alternatives are possible. The operation of these grooves613 will be understood from further discussion below.

In FIG. 61, an enlarged fragmentary view of an identified portion ofFIG. 59 is depicted. The portion depicted is a cross-sectional viewtaken through one of the grooves 613.

In FIG. 62, a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a second identifiedportion of FIG. 59 is shown. Depicted is a cross-sectional view throughthe mold cavity 602 with features previously identified generallyindicated.

In FIG. 63, an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG. 58 isshown. The portion viewed in FIG. 63 depicts a mold stand-off 615 tofacilitate molding. Referring to FIG. 58, a plurality of such moldstand-offs 615 are shown. The stand-offs 615 will leave artifacts in theend cap 528, see FIG. 34A at 617. The stand-offs 615 ensure that themedia and support are appropriately supported in the mold.

In FIG. 64, a schematic depiction is provided with a step of insertingcartridge structure into the mold for forming the end cap 528. It isnoted that, for ease in viewing detail, the media is not depicted inFIG. 64, although the media would be present during the insertion.Referring to FIG. 64, the mold 600 is depicted. Structure 545 is shownbeing lowered into the mold cavity 602. Before such insertion, mediawill generally have been positioned around center 545 c. The media thatwould surround ring 554. Also, before insertion of the cartridgecomponents, resin will typically have been dispensed in the cavity 602,usually toward region 619, but with spinning of the mold 600.

It will be understood that the support 545 needs to be properly radiallyoriented in the mold, relative to outwardly mold portions 620 that willmold the seal surface for seal 533. An approach to accomplish this, canbe understood by reference to FIG. 65.

Referring to FIG. 65, it can be seen that the cartridge support 545includes, in center 549 c an inner surface 545 s with a second member ofa mold rotational alignment arrangement 625 thereon. The second member625 comprises a plurality of radially inwardly directed projections 626.The projections 626 are configured and positioned to engage member 612on central post 603. For the particular arrangement shown, the members626 are projection configured as vertical ribs, (although alternativeshapes are possible) oriented and spaced to be received within recesses613, as support 545 is lowered into the mold 600. Thus, the support 545cannot be fully lowered into mold 600, unless ribs 626 engage receivers613. This provides for a rotational indexing, so that the hub 529 on thesupport 545, FIG. 65 aligns, rotationally, with the mold sections 520appropriately.

D. Some Example Dimensions

In FIGS. 33-63 some example dimensions are provided as follows: GH=280.3mm; GI=128.3 mm; GJ=92.4 mm; GK=129.8 mm; GL=45.4 mm; GM=231.4 mm;GN=102.1 mm; GO=2 mm; GP=6.4 mm; GQ=7°; GR=117.5 mm; GS=7°; GT=117.5 mmdiameter; GU=2.8 mm; GV=95.6 mm; GW=3.3 mm; GX=18.9 mm; GY=1.5 mm;GZ=14.62 mm; HA=30 mm radius; HB=14.2 mm radius; HC=0.2°; HD=16 mm; HE=3mm radius; HF=2°; HG=14.8 mm; HH=21.9 mm; HI=77.93 mm diameter; HJ=11.7mm radius; HK=27.9 mm radius; HL=5.5 mm radius; HM=60.41 mm diameter;HN=30°; HO=20 mm; HP=81 mm; HQ=55.5 mm; HR=121.5 mm; HS=48.9 mm; HT=2.5mm; HU=45.8 mm; HV=50.8 mm; HW=54.2 mm; HX=54.9 mm; HY=88.46 mm; HZ=96mm; H1=30°; H2=66 mm; H3=59.9 mm diameter; H4=77.9 mm diameter; IA=111mm; IB=14.2 mm radius; IC=111 mm; ID=30°; IF=1.5 mm; IG=0.5 mm radius;IH=2.1 mm; II=1 mm radius; IJ=7.5 mm diameter; IK=2.7 mm radius; IL=112mm; IM=105 mm; IN=80.5 mm; IO=40 mm; IP=12 mm; IQ=6 mm; IR=15 mm; IS=8.9mm; IT=15.8 mm; IU=31.6 mm; IV=8.9 mm; IW=6 mm; IX=55.8 mm; IY=54.4 mm;IZ=210 mm; JA=96.5 mm; JB=12.7 mm; JC=93.5 mm; JD=89 mm; JE=124.4 mm;JF=144.7 mm; JG=133.1 mm; JH=164.9 mm; JI=169.6 mm; JJ=182.7 mm; JK=10.7mm; JL=2 mm; JM=30°; JN=1.5 mm; JO=0.9 mm; JP=266.7 mm diameter; JQ=124mm; JR=38.1 mm; JS=130.2 mm; JT=98.2 mm; JU=92.6 mm; JV=43.9 mm; JW=12.7mm; JX=14 mm; JY=60°; JZ=30°; KA=15.1 mm radius; KB=4.8 mm radius;KC=77.9 mm diameter; KD=59.9 mm diameter; KE=1 mm; KF=18.6 mm; KG=2.9 mmradius; KH=3 mm; KI=2.9 mm radius; KJ=2°; KK=28.2°; KL=19.5 mm; KM=2°;KN=2 mm radius; KO=14.9 mm; KP=4 mm; KQ=3 mm; KR=2.5 mm radius; KS=2.5mm radius; KT=0.5°; KU=2.5 mm radius; KV=1 mm radius; KW=15°; KX=3 mmradius; KY=2°; KZ=2 mm radius; LA=3 mm; LB=2.5 mm radius; LC=2 mmradius; LD=31.8 mm; LE=4.5 mm radius; and, LF=11.3 mm. Of course, thedimensions are indicative of an example arrangement only, and alternatedimensions can be used.

E. Some Example Potential Alternate Seal Configurations; General SealDescriptions; Various Alternate Structures 1. Alternate Example SealSurface Definitions, FIGS. 66-70

A variety of seal configurations can be used with principles accordingto the present disclosure. In FIGS. 66-70, several examples are shown.These are schematic depictions, and merely are meant to show potentialseal definition, and support definition.

In FIG. 66, a somewhat “peanut” shape is depicted at 700 with tworadially outwardly projecting sections or lobes 701 spaced by two inwardprojections sections 702. Of course, the specific configurations oflobes 701, and sections 702 can be modified from that depicted.

In FIG. 67, a tri-lobe configuration is shown at 730, with threeradially outwardly projecting sections or lobes 731 and three radiallyinwardly projecting sections 732. In FIG. 68, a “four-lobe”configuration is depicted at 750, including a plurality (4) of radiallyoutwardly projecting sections or lobes 751 separated by radiallyinwardly directed projections or sections 752.

In FIG. 69, seal arrangement having radially outwardly projectingsections is depicted at 770, in this instance with six radiallyoutwardly projecting sections 771 separated by sections 772. In thisinstance, the sections 772 are straight in direction between theprojections 771, and do not project radially inwardly. However, sections772 could be configured to project inwardly, to advantage.

In FIG. 70, a seal arrangement is depicted at 780 having five outwardlyprojecting sections 781 separated by five inwardly projecting sections782, in this instance, the inwardly projecting sections 782 are in totalnon-straight, but each comprises straight sections 783, 784 on oppositesides of a radially innermost vertex 785.

For any of the embodiments of FIGS. 66-70, alternate shapes to the lobesand sections are possible. Further, the configurations of FIGS. 66-70demonstrate that a variety of configurations with alternate numbers ofsections or lobes can be used.

2. General Description of Selected Seals and Seal Surfaces Depicted orDescribed Herein Above

It is noted that although the seal of the arrangements of FIGS. 35 and66-70 are sometimes characterized as “radial.” However, as a result ofthe non-circular shape, some of the sealing forces will be directedother than specifically at or away from the central axis X of thecartridge. The seals are nevertheless characterized herein as “radial”,since, in general, the seal surfaces on the cartridge and housing aregenerally radially directed and the sealing forces are either radiallyoutwardly directed or radially inwardly directed, around the axis X,depending on whether an outward or inward seal surface is involved.Alternately stated, the compression forces are still not axial (i.e. inthe longitudinal direction of axis X), but rather are generally radial.There are applications, however, where the seal forces are not aligneddirectly toward or away from the axis X in each of these non-circularconfigurations.

In more general terms, radial seals comprise seal surfaces thatsurrounds (directed toward away from) a central axis. That central axisin many instances will comprise a central axis of a filter cartridgearound which media is also positioned. However, from alternativearrangements described herein below, it will be understood that a radialseal can be a seal that surrounds an axis that is not also a centralaxis for the cartridge (by contrast, an axial seal is a seal that isgenerally aligned with a central axis around which the seal ispositioned, typically also, but not necessarily in all instances, acentral cartridge axis X).

In the general terminology used herein, the various housing sealarrangements depicted can also be characterized as generally comprisinga radially directed seal surface, since the seal direction for thevarious housing seals depicted in the drawings, is generally with asurface of the seal engaging some portion of the housing (be it aportion of an outlet tube or outer portion of the housing, depending onwhether which of the two of the housing seals is involved) that can begenerally characterized as a “radially directed surface.” In eachinstance, the surface that actually forms the seal is directed around(and facing toward or away from) a central axis X (typically, also ofthe cartridge) as opposed to an axial seal which would be generally withseal forces directed in the longitudinal direction of the central axisX. The examples depicted are “outward radial seal surfaces” or“outwardly directed radial seals” since the actual surface of the sealmember on the cartridge that will form a seal in engagement with ahousing, is generally directed away from a central axis of thecartridge, as opposed as toward the axis. However, many of theprinciples described herein can be applied in alternate arrangements inwhich the seal surface on the cartridge that engages the housing to forma seal is directed radially toward the central axis.

The radial housing seals described herein can be generally characterizedas “non-clamp,” “non-clamping” or “clampless” arrangements or by similarterms. By this it is meant that the seal arrangements typically do notinvolve the use of a clamp such as a hose clamp or other structure thatneeds to be tightened in order to provide for a secure seal. Rather, theseals are established by mere installation, with compression of the sealmaterial against a surface of the housing being directed by a cartridgecomponent.

With respect to the arrangements of FIGS. 33-70, the primary sealsurface which is non-circular can be characterized as having at leasttwo spaced radially outwardly projecting seal surface sections. Indeed,except for the arrangement of FIG. 66, each has at least three, spaced,radially, outwardly projecting seal surface sections, typically 4-10(inclusive) spaced radially outwardly projecting seal surface sections.Here, the term “radially outwardly projecting” is meant to indicate thelobe, vertex or projecting section shape in direction around, andrelative to, the central axis, as opposed to whether the seal surface isdirected to form an inwardly directed or outwardly directed seal. Thatis, a radially outwardly projecting section is a section of a sealsurface that projects away from the central axis for the seal (andtypically also the cartridge) without regard to which the direction theseal surface itself faces for sealing. For the “six outwardly projectingseal section” arrangement of FIG. 36, these projections are indicated at533 x. For the “two” outwardly projecting sections of FIG. 66, thesesections are indicated at 701. For the three outwardly projectingarrangement of FIG. 67, these sections are indicated at 731. For thefour outwardly projecting section arrangement of FIG. 68, these sectionsare indicated at 751. For the six outwardly projecting sectionarrangement of FIG. 69, the sections are indicated at 771; and, for thefive outwardly projecting section arrangement of FIG. 70, these sectionsare indicated at 781.

Except for the arrangement of FIG. 69, each of the seal arrangements inFIGS. 33-36 and 66-70, has one radially inwardly projecting seal sectionpositioned between each of the radially outwardly projecting sectionsdefined above. For the arrangement of FIG. 36, these are indicated at533 y. For the arrangement of FIG. 66, these sections are indicated at702. For the arrangement of FIG. 67, these sections are indicated at732. For the arrangement of FIG. 68, these sections orientated at 752.For the arrangement of FIG. 70, these sections are indicated at 782. Itis noted that the arrangement of FIG. 69 has straight sections extendingbetween the outwardly projecting regions, and thus does not have suchinwardly projecting seal sections. Again, in connection with thisportion of the definition of the seal surface of the inwardly projectingseal surface sections refer to the geometric direction relative to thecentral axis, that the surface section bends or projects as opposed tothe direction of the seal surface forces for sealing.

It is noted that in many of the arrangements, the inwardly directed sealsurface sections are non-straight. By this, in connection with thegeneral terminology used herein, reference is meant to the extension ofthe seal surface relative to the outwardly projecting sections, inextension between the outwardly projecting sections. Thischaracterization is accurate for all of the seal arrangements depictedin FIG. 30 and FIGS. 66-68 and 70, but not the seal arrangement depictedin FIG. 69.

It is noted that even the seal arrangement depicted in FIG. 70 is‘non-straight”, in connection with a definition of extension between theoutwardly projecting sections 781, since although in FIG. 70,subsections 783 and 784 are each straight, the total extension of eachsection 782 is not straight between the projections 781.

Typically the radially outwardly projecting seal surface sections arepositioned radially evenly spaced around the cartridge central axis, andindeed this is the case in each of the arrangements depicted herein.However, there is no specific requirement for this even radial spacingand many of the principles described herein can be applied in alternatearrangements. The same can be said of the radially inwardly projectingseal sections.

The radially outwardly projecting seal surface sections will typicallybe curved to a radius of at least 5 mm, usually not more than 35 mm andoften within the range of 15-30 mm, inclusive, for convenient sealmolding, manufacture and use. However, alternatives are possible.Radially inwardly projecting sections will also typically be radiused toa curvature of at least 2 mm and often an amount within the range of2-35 mm for convenient manufacture. However, again, alternatives arepossible.

Typically, when principles according the present disclosure are appliedin preferred arrangements, the seal surface which forms the primaryseal, for example seal 533, will be positioned in radial overlap with anend of the media, typically spaced at least 3 mm outwardly from theinner most perimeter of the media, and at least 5 mm inwardly from anoutermost portion for the media. Also, typically its largestcross-sectional size is at least 3 mm, usually at least 5 mm, often atleast 8 mm smaller than a largest cross-sectional size of an outerperimeter seal, typically at least 10 mm smaller and most typically atleast 15 mm smaller, when the arrangement includes an outer perimeterseal or second radially directed seal arrangement as discussed herein.

There is no specific requirement that the cartridge include two sealarrangements, although it is preferred for the applications of thepresent preferred described embodiments. Also, there is no specificrequirement that the primary seal 533 be a side of groove, although thattoo is typical and preferred for applications described herein. Further,there is no specific requirement that the surface of a groove that doesnot comprise a housing seal, when a groove is used, be circular indefinition, with a slanted surface, but this will be typical andpreferred.

Herein, when reference is made to a radially directed seal surfacesizes, perimeter or cross-sectional size or dimensions, reference ismeant to the surface when undistorted by installation, unless otherwisestated. Thus, the size is sometimes referred to in the terminology as“undistorted cross-sectional size” or by similar terms.

3. Some Example Alternate Structures

Attention is now directed to FIG. 33C. FIG. 33C is generally analogousto FIG. 33, but shown in a different rotational orientation, withrespect to general features, but does show some variations of specificfeatures.

The assembly of FIG. 33C should be understood to have a construction andfeatures generally analogous to those described above for the assemblyof FIG. 33, when like parts are depicted.

Referring to FIG. 33C, an assembly 1000 is depicted, comprising ahousing 1001 having a cartridge 1010 removably positioned therein. Thecartridge 1010 may be generally analogous to a cartridge previouslydiscussed, comprising 1011 extending between first and second end pieces1012, 1013. An example difference is that closed end piece 1013, anoutward bumper projection arrangement 1015 is depicted that is orientedin axial overlap with an end 1016 of support structure 1017 around whichmedia 1011 is positioned. This differs from the assembly of FIG. 33, inwhich a bumper arrangement is positioned in radial offset from an end ofa support.

Referring to FIG. 33D, an enlarged fragmentary portion of FIG. 33, it isnoted that end piece or end cap 1012 is configured with differences instructural detail from a previously depicted end cap, but is generallyanalogous in operation. In particular, detail of support 1020 embeddedwithin molded-in-place material 1021 is different.

In FIG. 33, a perspective view of assembly 1000 and housing 1001 isprovided.

In FIG. 34B, a bottom perspective view of cartridge 1010 is depicted. Inthe example depicted, the bumper arrangement 1015 is depicted ascontinuous ring, rather than a segmented ring. The principles can bepracticed with a segmented ring.

In FIG. 34C an open end perspective view of the cartridge 1010 isdepicted with media 1011 extending between 1012 and 1013. At end piece1012, a recess receiver or groove 1025 is depicted, having inner wall1026 configured to form a radially directed seal surface 1026 s thatcomprises a plurality of radially outwardly directed lobes orprojections 1026 o separated by spaced inwardly directed recess orregions 1026 i, analogously to previously described arrangement.Further, the cartridge 1010 is depicted with an outwardly directed sealsurface 1028 s, which surrounds surface 1026 forming a secondary orsecond radial seal.

In FIG. 35A a side elevational view of cartridge 1010 is depicted. InFIG. 35B, a cross-sectional view of cartridge 1010 is depicted. In FIG.36A a plan view of cartridge 1010, taken toward end piece 1012 isdepicted. Example dimensions are as follows: XA=71 mm; XB=129 mm radius;XC=16 mm radius; XD=3 mm radius; and, XE=93 mm.

In FIG. 37A, an end view taken toward end piece 1013 of cartridge 1010is depicted.

F. Additional Comments Regarding Advantageous Seal Features

As indicated above, there is no specific requirement that a filtercartridge or cartridge assembly include all of the featurescharacterized herein, in order to obtain some advantage according to thepresent disclosure. Indeed, advantage can be obtained in some filtercartridges, by implementation of a preferred first seal configuration ascharacterized herein, in the presence or absence of a second sealconfiguration as characterized herein.

In many typical applications, with respect to application of anadvantageous seal arrangement, the filter cartridge comprises mediahaving first and second ends; the media typically surrounding anddefining an open filter interior. A first open end cap is positioned inthe first end of the media. It can be a molded-in-place end cap, withthe first end of the media embedded therein, as described above.However, alternatives are possible.

A housing seal arrangement is positioned on the first end cap. In anexample definition provided herein, the housing seal arrangementcomprises a first radially directed seal surface having at least two,typically at least three, and preferably at least four, spaced, radiallyoutwardly projecting seal surface projections. By “radially outwardlyprojecting seal surface sections” in this context, reference is meant tothe direction the surfaces project out from a central axis, and not tothe direction the surface faces to form a seal. Thus, the reference isto the shape of the “lobes” or sections themselves and not to thedirection of sealing. Thus, the arrangement can have multiple radiallyoutwardly projecting seal surface sections and be either an outwardlydirected radial seal or an inwardly directed radial seal.

Typically, the outwardly projecting seal surface section is separated bynon-straight seal sections, for example radially inwardly projectingseal sections, although alternatives are possible.

Typically and preferably, there are 4-12, inclusive, (often 4-10,inclusive) spaced, radially outwardly projecting seal surface sections.Alternatives are possible.

There is no specific requirement than the outwardly projecting surfacesections are generally curved, or outwardly, convex but this will betypical. Also, they will typically be molded to a circular radius,although alternatives are possible. Similarly, when inwardly projectingseal surface sections are positioned between the outwardly projectingseal surface sections, typically they are curved (i.e. outwardlyconcave) and typically the curvature is to a circular radius, althoughalternatives are possible.

There is no specific requirement that the curvature of the outwardlyprojecting seal surface sections be the same as the curvature of theinwardly projecting seal surface sections. Indeed, in a selecteddepicted arrangement the outwardly projecting sections of seal surfaceare curved to a larger radius than the seal surfaces of the inwardlyprojecting seal surface sections, although alternatives are possible.

Typically, the seal definition is provided by material molded-in-placeover (on) a support that also has radially outwardly projectingsections, and, in typical preferred arrangements, radially inwardlyprojecting sections.

Typically, the seal surface having the non-circular definition generallydefined as above is a side surface of a receiving groove positioned in amolded-in-place end cap. An example is depicted in which the sealsurface is a radially inside surface of such a groove, configured with aseal surface directed radially outwardly. Alternatives are possible.

Typically, the seal surface defined in this section, which isnon-circular and includes the sections as defined, is positioned inoverlap with an end of the media, with the seal surface recessedradially inwardly from an outermost portion of the media pack, andspaced radially outwardly from an innermost portion of the media. Whenthe media is pleated, the indication is that the seal is typicallypositioned with a radial outermost extension spaced inwardly from theouter pleat tips and a radially inward most direction positionedradially outwardly from the inner pleat tips. Typically, the entire sealsurface is spaced at least 3 mm from each of the inner and outer pleattips.

Many of the principles described in this section with respect to anon-circular radial seal, can also be applied in connection with asecond or outer radially directed seal, in accord with generalprinciples described herein above in For example a secondary or outerseal can be provided which has a larger cross-sectional dimension thanthe largest cross-sectional dimension of the non-circular inner seal.

VII. Further Embodiments and Selected Variations, FIGS. 71-111 A.General

In FIGS. 71-111 some alternate principles and features applicable inarrangements supporting the present disclosure are provided. Thesefeatures, in part, relate to optional alternate configurations for theprimary seal that can be implemented to advantage. The optionalalternate primary seal configurations can be used with a secondary sealor can be used in arrangements without a secondary seal and advantagecan still be obtained.

Selected ones of the arrangements of FIGS. 71-111 also relate to a useof an optional indexing arrangement to facilitate alignment of thefilter cartridge with a selected advantageous outlet tube configuration.These features can be used with the seal arrangement and variationsdescribed in connection with FIGS. 71-89, or with alternate sealarrangements as described herein.

Selected ones of the arrangements of FIGS. 71-111 also relate tovariations in the optional secondary seal that can be applied in avariety of arrangements according to the present disclosure.

Further, selected variations lead to alternate seal and/or support typesand approaches. These can be applied in various ones of the embodimentscharacterized herein, as desired.

It is noted also that selected ones of the embodiments of FIGS. 71-111are depicted without the use of a resonator or sonic choke. A sonicchoke or resonator in accord with the previously described embodimentscan be incorporated as part of selected ones of the arrangements ofFIGS. 71-111, if desired.

Selected ones of the embodiments of FIGS. 71-111 relate to alternatemedia types that can be used in arrangements according to the presentdisclosure. Also, selected ones of the embodiments relate to filtrationof crankcase ventilation gases.

B. The Embodiments and Variations of FIGS. 71-89

The reference numeral 800, FIG. 71 generally depicts an air (gas)cleaner (filter) assembly according to another filter (air cleaner)assembly embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 71, thefilter (for example air or gas cleaner) assembly 800 is depicted ascomprising housing 802 defining a main housing body 803 and access cover804; the access cover 804 being removably secured to the housing body803, for example by latch arrangement 805.

The housing 802 defines an interior 802 i in which is positioned aremovable and replaceable, i.e. serviceable, filter cartridge componentor cartridge 810 (not viewable in FIG. 71, see FIG. 72). The filtercartridge 810 is discussed in detail below.

Still referring to FIG. 71, the air (gas) cleaner assembly 800 includes,on housing 802, an end wall 811 with an air flow (outlet) tube 812directed outwardly therefrom. Tube 812 will typically be, for a forwardflow system as depicted, a clean air outlet tube used analogously totubes 15, 512 discussed above. Tube 812 includes an optional pressuretap 812 x thereon. The housing 802 depicted further includes an optionaldust ejector tube arrangement 814 with an optional evacuator valvearrangement 815 positioned thereon.

The housing 802 can be provided with a mounting pad arrangement thereon,analogous to previously described embodiments, if desired. In thealternative, a clamp or additional arrangement can be releaseablyattached to the housing 802 to mount the air cleaner assembly 800.

Still referring to FIG. 71, at 821 a second air flow (inlet) tube to theair (gas) cleaner assembly 800 is depicted. Tube 821 will typically beused to direct unfiltered air (gas) into the housing 802. Tube 821 willtypically be configured as a tangential air (gas) flow inlet tube, butalternatives are possible.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 72, a cross-sectional view of thefilter (air cleaner) assembly 800. Filter cartridge 810 is viewablepositioned within (air cleaner) housing interior 802 i. An air flowinlet ramp arrangement is shown at 817. A shield section is housing body803 is shown at 818; and, a shield section in access cover section 804is shown at 819. Aperture 820 is positioned in access cover 804 for dustand water access to an interior of ejector tube 814 shown at 814 i.

As thus far described, the assembly 800 is generally analogous topreviously described assemblies 1 and 500. The features identified canbe configured to operate analogously to similar features in connectionwith those embodiments.

A selected difference in the embodiments of FIGS. 71-89, from theprevious described embodiment, is that the filter cartridge 810 is notdepicted with a “sonic choke” or “resonator” therein. However, a sonicchoke or resonator analogous to those previously described can be usedwith the embodiment of FIGS. 71-89.

Selected ones of additional differences of the embodiment of FIGS. 71-89with respect to previously described embodiments, relate to theconfiguration of the (outlet) tube 812 where it is engaged by the filter810; and, selected features of the filter cartridge 810 where it engagesthe (outlet) tube 812. These are discussed further below.

Attention is first directed to FIG. 73, which depicts the (outlet) tube812 and cartridge 810 in interaction with one another. That is, otherportions of the air cleaner assembly 800, FIGS. 71 and 72 are not shownin FIG. 73, to facilitate understanding. Of course, the componentsdepicted in FIG. 73 would typically be used in the environment of theoverall air cleaner 800, FIG. 72.

Referring to FIG. 73, the cartridge 810 is shown in cross-sectionalview. It is a service component usable in the air cleaner 800.Specifically, when access cover 804, FIG. 73, is removed from aremainder of the housing 802, cartridge 810 can be installed in, or beremoved from, the housing 802.

In general, and referring to FIG. 73, the cartridge 810 comprises media825, in the example positioned around an open filter interior 826 (and acentral cartridge axis X) in extension between first and second endpieces (or end caps) 828, 829. It is noted that in FIG. 73, end piece828 is positioned at an open end of the cartridge 810; and, thus, is anopen end piece or end cap through which air flows during operation. Incontrast, end piece 829 is depicted as a closed end cap, i.e. it has nocentral air flow aperture therethrough. This will be typical, althoughalternatives are possible with selected features described herein.

Typically, although alternatives are possible, at least a portion of 828m of end piece 828 is molded-in-place, typically with end 825 x (or endportion) of the media 825 secured thereto, for example embedded therein.Also, although alternatives are possible, typically at least a portionof end piece 829 is molded-in-place, with end 825 y of media 825embedded therein. The media 825 can comprise pleated media althoughalternatives are possible. The particular selection of media 825 is amatter of choice for efficiency and lifetime of concerns. Generallymedia and media features such as those previously discussed can be used.

The media 825 is shown positioned in extension around an optional porousinner liner or central support 827 which, in the example depicted,comprises a lattice including a plurality of longitudinal sections 827 sinterconnected by ribs 827 r. Alternate constructions for the optionalsupport 827 can be used. However, in general, when used, the support 827will be configured to be sufficiently porous for desirable (air) gasflow, and to be sufficiently structurally sound or rigid to support themedia 825. Again, it can be configured as a resonator/sonic choke, ifdesired. Indeed, in some applications the media can be provided withoutan open interior, as discussed below.

End piece 828 is an open end piece with a central aperture 830therethrough. In use, air flows through aperture 830. Also, an innertube portion 821 i of a housing flow tube 812 projects through aperture832, in use.

Referring to FIG. 78, a perspective view of cartridge 810 taken towardend piece 828, the central aperture 830 is viewable providing air flowtherethrough in connection with open filter interior 826. End piece 828includes a first, primary, seal arrangement 833 and an optionalsecondary seal arrangement 834. The optional secondary seal arrangement834 may be configured and located generally analogously to sealarrangements 66, 534, previously discussed, but it can also beconfigured differently.

Referring to FIG. 72A, an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG.72, for the example, this optional secondary seal arrangement 834 isprovided within a portion that can flex radially outwardly, due to theabsence of a specific support therein. Thus, portion(s) of thehousing/outlet tube that project(s) into the receiver groove can beconfigured to deflect region 834 outwardly, and to press region 834against surrounding portions of the housing to form the secondary seal.Typically those portions of the (outlet) flow tube/housing that causethe deflection are configured so as not form a seal with region 834 arepossible. It is noted that region 834 in some applications of thetechniques described herein, can be provided with a rigid seal supporttherein, and operate without the described deflection, if desired.

Referring back to FIG. 79A, as with selected earlier embodiments,primary seal arrangement 833 is configured in the example depicted as aradially directed radial seal surface, positioned in axial overlap withan end of the media 825. The seal surface can be generally radiallyoutwardly directed, as shown; but it can be alternately configured as aradially inwardly directed seal, if desired. The cartridge (and seal)central axis is indicated at X and the term “radially” in this context,consistent with previous descriptions, is meant to indicate toward (ifinward) or away from (if outward) axis X. Indeed, if there were nocartridge axis X, the seal 833 would still be characterized as radialseal, since it would surround a central axis (corresponding to axis X)with seal forces generally either toward or away from that axis. Thischaracterization of radial seal is a general one, applicable to any ofthe embodiments described herein.

Also, as with the earlier described embodiments, typically the primaryseal arrangement 833 is preferably a “non-clamp”, “non-clamping” or“clampless” seal arrangement in that no additional clamp is providedwhich needs to be tightened. Rather, the seal preferably establishes (onappropriate and proper installation in the cartridge 810 in anappropriate housing 802) without an additional clamp.

Still referring to FIG. 78, for the example cartridge 810 depicted, theprimary seal 833 comprises a radially directed seal surface 833 s, inthis example defining a non-circular configuration although alternativesare possible. The example seal arrangement 833 depicted is aconfiguration having alternating outwardly projecting sections or lobes833 x (in the example outwardly directed convex sections) 833 x, spacedby (in the example non-straight, typically inwardly projecting and inthe example curved or concave) sections 833 y. The particular number ofoutwardly projecting (in the example curved) seal surface lobes orsections 833 x and inwardly projecting (in the example curved) sections833 y is not critical to obtain at least some advantage. Typically, thenumber of each will be at least two; usually at least three; and, can be(in accord with a previous described embodiments) of a number of atleast four, for example within the range of 4-12, inclusive, sometimes4-10, inclusive. However, in the particular example depicted, the numberof sections 833 x and sections 833 y is 10 each; with a typicalapplication involving 4-10, inclusive, such sections. However, again,the number can vary from this.

As with certain previously described embodiments, in alternatedefinitions, the seal surface 833 can be characterized as comprising aplurality of spaced lobes or radially outwardly projecting (outwardlyconvex) sections 833 x, spaced from one another by (in the examplenon-straight, inwardly projecting, for example outwardly concave)sections 833 y of surface 833. Typically, there at least two suchoutwardly projecting lobes or sections, usually at least three, often atleast four and typically an amount within the range of 4-12, inclusive,for example 4-10, inclusive, although alternatives are possible.

Still referring to FIG. 78, in the example depicted, surrounding theprimary seal member surface 833 s is optional recessed surface orportion 839, which, in the example depicted, is a recess, receiver orreceiving groove 840. The recess, receiver or receiving groove 840 is areceiver positioned, and defined, to receive, projecting therein, aportion of the housing end 811 and/or tube 812, analogously to receivers73, 540, previously described. This will be discussed in further detailbelow.

It is noted that the principles described herein in connection with seal833 can be applied when seal surface 833 is not surrounded by a recessedor receiving groove. That is, seal surface 833 as can comprise a sealsurface on a projection of end cap 828. Indeed this is the case withcertain of other embodiments described herein as well. However, it isconvenient and advantageous to provide a recess, receiver or receivinggroove 840 surrounding the surface 833 s, in arrangements including allof the various features discussed herein.

For the particular cartridge 810 depicted, the receiver, recess orreceiving groove 840 can be viewed configured with a radially inner wallforming surface 833 that is preferably non-circular in definition aroundaxis X as described; and, a radially outer wall 841 of the groove 540that is generally circular in definition around central axis X, althoughalternatives are possible.

In FIG. 72, the recess, receiver or receiving groove 840 can be seenwith a portion 811 x of housing end 811 and a portion 812 x of outlettube 812 projecting therein. In connection with this attention is alsodirected to FIG. 72A, an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG.72.

Again, as discussed previously, the particular secondary seal 834depicted is configured so that portion 811 x of the housing and portion812 x of the outlet tube will deflect a non-supported end region ofsecondary seal arrangement 834 outwardly, to engage a seal tubesurrounding sections of the housing. This optional deflection can beuseful in instances where, for size concerns, it may not be desired toprovide a rigid support within end regions of the secondary seal 834. Itcan be applied with many of the variations discussed herein, foroptional secondary seals.

In FIG. 75, the cartridge 810 is depicted in cross-section, and therecess, receiver or receiving groove 840 (having inner wall 833 andouter wall 841) is readily viewable. The groove 840 can be dimensionedas previously described with analogous features, if desired.

In FIG. 84, a support structure or central support 845 for the cartridge810 is shown. The support 845 can be made as a preform and used inproportion as cartridge 810 as the support 827, FIGS. 72 and 73.Consistent with alternative arrangements described above, the support845 can, in an alternate application, be configured to define aresonator/sonic choke. However, the particular support 845 depictedincludes a central section 845 s that defines a central cartridgesupport 827 that is porous but does not operate as a resonator/sonicchoke. Rather, it comprises a lattice structure of elongates strips 827s interconnected by ribs 827 r.

Analogously to support 545, support structure 845 includes an endstructure 848 comprising an inner seal support or hub 849 spaced from,and surrounded by, optional outer rim 850. Spanning the gap between thehub 849 and rim 850, is provided an optional open grid arrangement 851,comprising struts 851 s. Typically, the seal support 849 will beembedded in a molded-in-place portion of end piece 828 (and sealarrangement 833) in use, providing support for control of compression ininstallation. Thus, hub 849 operates in many ways analogously to similarportion of supports 105, 549. The particular hub 849 depicted, includesa continuous wall having a non-circular shape preferably comprising aplurality of radially outwardly projecting (in the example curved)support sections 849 x alternating with radially inwardly projecting (inthe example curved) seal sections 849 y. (Alternatively, in the exampledepicted, hub 849 can be characterized as non-circular and comprising aplurality of lobes 849 x separated by, in the example, non-straight,radially inwardly projecting sections 849 y).

The number of radially outwardly projecting (for the example curved)sections 849 x, and inwardly (for the example curved) sections 849 y,when the shape is as shown, is appropriate for the seal configuration.Thus there are typically at least two of each, usually at least three ofeach, and often at least four of each, for example 4-12, inclusive.

Referring to FIG. 84, it is noted that in the example depicted, thenon-circular seal support section of hub 849 is solid and continuous,i.e. it does not have lateral apertures or slits therethrough inextension axially beyond struts 851 toward tip 849 p. As with previouslydescribed embodiments, this will be typical, although alternatives arepossible.

The optional outer support 850 and struts 851 may be generally analogousto support 550 and struts 851 s for support 108 and struts 110,previously discussed. However, in the particular embodiment depicted,the outer hub 850 differs in that it is shorter in extension toward tip849 p; and, the edge or tip 849 p is continuous and has no slots orslits therein. In some instances, hub 850 can be left off with struts orprojections 851 s outwardly shaped to terminate in a molded-in-placeportion of end piece 828.

Still referring to FIG. 84, it is noted that for the particulararrangement depicted the support structure 845 is configured with theseal support or end structure 848 integral with a portion that(comprising the lattice structure) is surrounded by the media. This isoptional and preferred in many instances for convenient manufacture.However, there is no specific requirement that support structure be asingle integral piece, and portions that support the seal(s) can beconstructed separate from optional portions that support the media.Further, the materials of the two section can be separate, one beingplastic, the other metal if desired. When both sections are present butnot integral with one another, they can be secured in place by bothbeing embedded in molded-in-place material of the end cap, or they canbe attached to one another prior to cartridge assembly.

It is also noted that when the optional outer rim 850 is used to supporta seal, it does not need to be attached to remainder of the endstructure 848 by rigid connection if desired. For example, a ring (orseal support) that is not attached to a remainder of the supportstructure 845, can be used if desired. Further, there is no specificrequirement that support structure within outer portions of the endpiece be circular, or be continuous in construction.

In FIG. 85, a side cross-sectional view of support 845 is depicted.Surrounded by section 849, support 845 includes an end internal ringstructure 854 which, in part, defines outlet aperture 830 through endcap 828, FIGS. 73 and 75, and the resulting cartridge 810. Supportsection 854 (or more generally cartridge 810) includes a typicallyradially inwardly facing (or inner) surface 854 i having thereon a firstmember 856 of a cartridge-to-outlet tube (or outlet tube-to-cartridge)rotational alignment arrangement. The first member 856 in the exampledepicted, comprises one or more (and in the example a plurality of)spaced projection(s) 856 x on surface 854 i, typically projectingradially inwardly, i.e. toward central cartridge axis X, FIG. 75. Forthe particular example depicted, the projections 856 x are non-circular.In the example the projections 850 x are u-shaped, with the open end ofthe u generally directed toward the cartridge closed end cap 829; and,with the arrow or curved end directed toward the outlet 830, i.e. awayfrom the closed end cap 829 and/or the second end of the media. Thiswill be typical and advantageous for reasons discussed below. However,alternate shapes and orientations are possible. Non-circular projections856 x will be typical and preferred.

In more general terms, at least one, and typically each, projection 856x has a non-circular shape with a narrow end and a wider portion(typically an end). The narrower end is generally further from thesecond end of the media, than the wider portion (typically an end). Inthe example depicted of a u-shaped projection, the narrow end is thecenter or curve of a u and the wider portion (in the example an end) isthe ends of the sides of the u. Of course, a “diamond” or “oval” shapecould be used as a variation, in which a narrow end is directed awayfrom the second end of the media, i.e. analogously to the “u” and with awider portion (in this example, a central portion) closer to the secondmedia end.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 87. In FIG. 87, the flow (outlet) tube812 is depicted. Herein, the flow tube 82 is characterized as a portionof the housing 802. In use, the outlet tube 812 is typically secured toa remainder of the housing 802 at end 811. In general, the outlet tube812 can be viewed as having the following general features: mountingflange arrangement 812 f; seal surface 812 s; internal flow tube section812 i and external flow tube section 812 z. In general terms, themounting flange arrangement 812 f provides for mounting of the flow tube812 on end 811 of the housing 802, as discussed below. The seal surfaceor seal member 812 s is a surface against which a seal on the cartridge810 seals when the cartridge is installed. The inner flow tube section812 i projects into the housing and defines a flow tube section thatprojects into interior 830 of the cartridge 810 to receive gas flowtherefrom, once filtered. Further, the flow tube 812 i includes featuresfor rotational indexing with the cartridge 810, discussed in more detailbelow. The exterior flow tube section 812 z is a conduit for directingfiltered gas flow outwardly from the housing 803. The particularexterior flow tube 812 z depicted has a right angle turn or elbow,although alternatives are possible, as with previously describedembodiments.

Attention is now directed to the inner flow tube section 812 i. Theinner flow tube section 812 i includes a tip end, or edge 812 t, thatprojects most interiorly of the housing 802, that has at least onerecess and typically a plurality of recesses 812 r therein. Therecesses, 812 r are spaced from one another by projections or tabs 812b. For the particular assembly depicted, there are 10 spaced recesses812 r, but the specific number is not critical to obtaining someadvantage.

The recesses 812 r are each sized to receive therein a projection 856 s,FIG. 85, on the cartridge 810. The recesses 812 r are rotationallylocated, around central axis X, so that they can only receive theprojection(s) 856 x, FIG. 75, if the cartridge 810 is appropriatelyrotationally oriented around central axis X. This rotational indexing isconfigured so that receipt of a projection(s) 856 x into the recess of812 r can only occur when a rotational alignment of the cartridge 810around the axis X is such that the seal lobes 833 x are appropriatelyoriented relative to receiving sections 812 o of the seal surface 812 sfor convenient and appropriate sealing.

In general terms, the projections 856 x comprise a first member of acartridge-to-outlet tube (or outlet tube-to-cartridge) rotational(indexing) alignment arrangement; and, the recesses 812 r comprisessecond member of a cartridge-to-outlet tube (or outlettube-to-cartridge) rotational alignment (indexing) arrangement.Alternately stated, the assembly 800 includes a projection/receiver(indexing) arrangement that operates as rotational alignment (indexing)arrangement between the cartridge 810 and the outlet tube 812, such thatthe cartridge 810 can only be installed fully in the housing 802, whenthe cartridge 810 is rotated around central axis X such that it is inone of one or more selected rotational orientations that allow(s) forfull insertion with the seal appropriately aligned. It is noted that forthe particular example depicted, the projection arrangement ispositioned on the cartridge and the receiver arrangement is positionedon the housing, i.e. on the outlet tube 812. However, alternativearrangements are possible.

It is noted that for the particular example depicted, the cartridge 810includes a member of a rotational alignment arrangement 856 thatcomprises 5 (typically 2-8) spaced projections 856 x, however the numberis not specifically critical. What is important is that interferenceoccurs unless the cartridge 810 is appropriately radially aligned aroundaxis X.

It is noted that there are more receivers 812 r than there areprojections 856 x. This is typical, but not specifically required. Thenumber of recesses 812 r is selected so that as the service provider isinstalling the cartridge, if desired rotational alignment does notinitially occur, it takes relatively little rotation of the cartridge toachieve sufficient alignment for full insertion to occur.

It is noted that typically each of the projections 856 x is sized andshaped so that when received within properly receiver 812 r, it does notactually engage outlet tube section 812 i in direct contact. This willbe preferred, but is not required in all applications.

Also, it is noted that the non-circular, for example “u-shape” to theprojections 856 x provides for convenient arrangement in that if it isbumped into the tip 812 t during installation, it can easily be rotatedwithout catching, yet the u-shape provides for a construction that isnot readily broken off. This is facilitated by the narrow end and widesection as described. Alternatives are possible.

It is noted that generally, the projections 856 x are positioned so thatthey will engage tips 812 t before the non-circular seal arrangement ofthe seal lobes 833 x starts to insert substantially into engagement witha seal surface 812 x. A reason this may be preferred is so that thecartridge will need to be properly rotationally aligned before the endof the cartridge adjacent the seal surface bumps into or interferes withportions of the structure that forms surface 812 s.

It is noted that the projection selection receiver range revolvingrecesses 812 i and projections 856 x can be applied with features thatoccur with alternate embodiments described herein.

Still referring to FIG. 87, attention is now directed to recess orgroove 812 g positioned between tube 812 t and seal surface 812 s. Therecess or groove 812 g is a receiving groove, for receiving, projectingtherein, a portion of cartridge 810 during cartridge installation. Inparticular, the groove 812 g is sized and configured to receive aportion of end piece 828 indicated generally at 828 p, FIG. 78. Thatportion 828 p of end piece 828 comprises a projection having an outersurface comprising seal surface 833.

As discussed previously, seal surface 833 is non-circular, and in theexample shown, comprises a plurality of radially outwardly projectingsections 833 x separated by radial inwardly projecting recesses 833 y.

Referring now to FIG. 87, groove 812 g is defined between inner wall 812y and outer wall 812 o. One of the walls 812 y, 812 o will generally beconfigured as a sealing surface for the cartridge 810. For theparticular embodiment depicted, since the cartridge 810 has a sealsurface 833 that is radially outwardly directed, the seal wall(indicated at 812 s) of the groove 812 g will be the outer, radiallyinwardly facing, wall 812 o.

The seal surface 812 s, then, has a shape and definition that is alsonon-circular, and conforms to the seal surface 833 in a manner such thatwhen engaged by the seal surface 833, sealing, through some compressionof the material and projection 828 p, occurs. Thus, given the particularshape of surface 833 described previously, surface 812 s comprises aplurality of radially outwardly projecting regions 812 p spaced from oneanother by regions 812 q. For the example depicted, the regions 812 qare non-straight, and are typically radially inwardly projecting. Thus,regions 812 p are inwardly concave (or outwardly convex) and regions 812q are inwardly convex (or outwardly concave).

Regions 812 p and 812 q are located, radially, around central axis Xsuch that alignment with surface 833 for full assertion and sealing willoccur when the rotational indexing between the projections 856 x and therecesses 812 r occur.

When the arrangement is generally as described herein, the number ofsections 812 p and the number of sections 812 q will generally match thecorresponding number of similar regions on the cartridge 810 althoughalternatives are possible. Typically, the number of radially outwardlyprojecting sections 812 p will be at least two, usually at least three,often at least four, typically 4-12, inclusive, often 4-10, inclusive,although alternatives are possible. In the example, there are 10sections 812 p, but alternatives are possible.

Still referring to FIG. 87, attention is directed to mounting flange 812f. The mounting flange 812 f comprises a radially outwardly directed rimsection 812 v and an axial section 812 a. The axial section 812 a formsa rim around region 812 f. It is noted that apertures 812 c arepositioned in rim 812 a, at a location aligned with inwardly projectingsections 812 q of surface 812 s. These apertures 812 c help to ensurethere is some spring in the material of the ridge 812 a at this locationand also to help ensure even cooling of the plastic.

The projection 812 a is sized and configured for snap-fit engagementwith a remainder of the housing. Further, the rim or projection 812 aincludes spaced interference section 812 e thereon, for engagement withthe remainder of the housing at end 811 as discussed below, forrotational stability.

Referring to FIG. 72A, as indicated previously at 811 x, a portion ofthe housing end 811 is depicted, projecting axially inwardly. The tube812 is mounted by pushing flange 812 a into an aperture defined byflange 811 x, and into engagement with flanges 811 x. As shown, theflange 812 a includes an end projection 812 j to facilitate snap-fitengagement. Further, an interior surface of projection 811 x can befitted with grooves or ribs, for rotational interlock with projections812 e, FIG. 87, to facilitate rotational alignment.

Still referring to FIG. 72A and also FIG. 72, other features previouslydescribed can be used. For example the end cap or end piece 828 can beprovided with an optional outwardly directed radial perimeter seal 828 spositioned to engage a surrounding portion of the housing 802, ifdesired. This secondary seal is optional, however, as previouslyindicated. When a secondary seal is used, typically it is larger thanthe first seal, in cross-sectional dimension, as previously discussedfor alternate embodiments. As discussed, the perimeter seal 828 s can beconfigured to radially deflect, or it can be provided with an internalsupport. Also, the tip portion 828 st of the outer seal 828 s can beprovided as a continuous ring, but alternatives (such as a discontinuousring with recesses therein) are possible). An example recess is shown inphantom line in FIG. 74 at P.

Typically portion 828 m of the end cap will be molded-in-place, forexample, from a moldable urethane or similar material, having portionsof framework 845, FIG. 85 embedded therein, as can be seen by referenceto FIG. 79. In FIGS. 82 and 83 molded portions of 828 are depicted asthey would appear if they had no structural material embedded therein,but the same perimeter definition.

Remaining ones of the figures depicted in the embodiment of FIGS. 71-89are generally depicted as follows. In FIG. 74 a side elevational view ofcartridge 810 is depicted, schematically. The media 85 can be seenextending between end pieces 828-829. Central axis X is depicted.

In FIG. 76 an end view of cartridge 810 is depicted, taken generallytoward end piece 828. The first or primary seal arrangement 833 isviewable, with radially outwardly directed seal surface 833 x. Alsoviewable through aperture 830 are projections 856 x. It is noted that across-sectional line FIG. 75 is depicted in FIG. 76.

In FIG. 77 an end view of cartridge 812 taken generally toward end piece829 is viewable. End piece 829 is depicted with a projection ring 860molded to a portion thereof, in the example depicted as a segmentedring. Projection 860 can engage the access cover, and providestabilization to the cartridge 810 when installed.

In FIG. 79, an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view of a selectedportion of the cartridge 810 is provided. Portions of end piece 848,included seal support 849 and outer rim 850 can be seen embedded withinmolded in place end piece 828.

In FIG. 80, structural portions of FIG. 79, but without molded in placeportion 828, m of end piece 828 are depicted. In particular, media 825is shown, in extension around support 827. Axial alignment between themedia 825 and end portion 848 of the support is viewable. It can be seenthat the strut 851, FIG. 84, generally slant away from the media 825 inradial outward extension, consistent with previous describedembodiments. In general, the construction of FIG. 80 can then be placedin a mold along with resin, to form the overmolded or molded portion 828m of the end cap 828, FIG. 79.

In positioning the structure of FIG. 80 in the mold, projections 856 canbe used to provide radial orientation with respect to the mold,analogously to fins or projections 626, FIG. 65, with the mold asappropriately configured. Thus, the projections 856 x can be used fortwo purposes: to control molding of portion 828 m of the end cap 828 inproviding a desired and configuration; and, to provide rotationalindexing with respect to a housing, in particular outlet tubing internalsection 812 i, as previously described.

In FIG. 81, an end view of cartridge 810 taken toward end piece 828 isprovided. It generally defines the cross-section line for FIG. 79.

In FIG. 82, a schematic plan view of molded-in-place portion 828 m ofthe end piece 828 is depicted. In FIG. 83, a cross-sectional view ofthat molded-in-place portion 828 m is provided. It is noted that FIG. 83generally shows the perimeter definitions of the molded-in-place portion828 m. Of course, in an actual cartridge, structural material would beembedded within the end portion 828 m.

In FIG. 86, an end view of support 845, FIG. 84, is provided; the viewbeing generally taken toward end structure 848.

In FIG. 88, the tube 812 is depicted, having been fully described abovein connection with the perspective view of FIG. 87. In FIG. 89, anenlarged fragmentary portion of FIG. 88 is viewable.

From the above, it will be apparent that construction of the cartridgecan generally be analogous to previously described cartridges herein.Preform 845 would be configured as a support. The media 825 would bepositioned around the support and then the two end pieces 828, 829 wouldbe positioned, typically by being molded-in-place. The projectionarrangement 856 s can be used to appropriately rotationally align thecombination of media and support 845 in the mold, for formation of theseal surface 833 x. This would be analogous to previous describedembodiments especially with respect to fins 626, FIG. 65. It is notedthat the projection arrangement 856 s can be used alternatively forpreviously described embodiments.

For the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 71-89, example dimensions areprovided as follows: in FIG. 79, AA=13 mm; In FIG. 80, AB=22.5 mm;AC=11.9 mm; AD=12.5 mm; In FIG. 81, AE=13.5 mm; In FIG. 82 AF=27.5 mm;and, AG=7.1 mm; In FIG. 83, AH=20 mm; and, In FIG. 89, AI=7.1 mm majorto minor dimension; AJ=36.8 mm radius; and, AK=43.9 mm radius. Otherdimensions of a usable arrangement can be evaluated and considered fromscale. Of course, alternate dimensions and alternate relative dimensionscan be used with the principles described herein as is the case for allembodiments.

Still referring to FIGS. 71-89, the receiving groove 840, for example,as depicted in FIG. 79, can be provided with dimensions generallyanalogous to previously discussed receiving grooves, with respect to:depth and extension from nearest adjacent outer portions of the endpiece; with, and deepest portions of the groove; with an outermostopening portions of the groove; amount of compression of the seal towardany embedded support; spacing between the inner seal and the optionalouter seal; etc.

The embodiment of FIGS. 71-89 can be practiced with various features ofpreviously described embodiments and alternatives discussed herein. Thedescriptions of the various embodiments depicted are not meant to beexclusive from one another with respect to the application of featuresor principles described. Thus, the features of principles of one can beapplied in the others, if consistent with other features present.

Although having two seals configured as shown is optional, it can beadvantageous. In particular, the inner seal having the non-circularshape, prevents the cartridge from rotating during use, even when theouter seal is circular. This can inhibit possible generation ofcontaminant material which can migrate to otherwise clean surfacesand/or clean air regions. Further, having two radial seals oriented asshown, with filtering flow from the outside to the inside (out-to-in)through the cartridge provides that only the outer (optional) secondseal is oriented where dust particles are located in the housing. Thismeans that the seal surface near the inner seal is generally kept cleanduring servicing, whether or not the inner seal is non-circular.

An advantage to the non-circular shape, is reduction of vibrationalmovement of the element. For a given diameter of element, thenon-circular seal shape of the primary seal provides a longer perimeterthan the simple circumference of an ordinary circular seal. Morespecifically, the amount of seal surface area in contact with structurein a housing and available to resist movement (for example, to resistaxial movement) is greater than the amount of such a surface in acorrespondingly sized circular shaped seal. Thus, the non-circularshape, especially using the alternating outwardly curved and inwardlycurved sections, provides advantage with respect to the support of thecartridge against seal movement.

It is noted that in the embodiment previously described, the end pieceon the cartridge opposite the end with the seal, is generally describedas closed. In alternative applications that end piece could be open. Inthe example of FIG. 73, this would correspond to end piece or end cap829. Again, it is noted that the end piece, FIG. 29 (which in someembodiments is optional) can be provided open, if appropriate foroperation of the cartridge. If it needs to be closed for properoperation of the cartridge, it could be closed by structure in thehousing or other material.

Attention is now directed to an optional feature understandable fromFIG. 75. Referring to FIG. 75, surface 833 s, previously described, isthe surface which forms a first seal with a housing. At 828 q, is a sealsurface that forms an optional second seal with a housing. When tworadial seal surfaces 833 s, 828 q are used, one of which is non-circularas explained above for surface 833 s, it will in some instances bepreferred that the outer perimeter surface 828 (and the portion of theend piece on which it is position, which in the example, is generallycircular) have a different maximum axial reach in extension from thesecond or remote end of the media, indicated at 825 y, than the maximumaxial reach of the seal surface 833 s and the portion of the end pieceon which it is positioned. Defined with more specificity, surface 833 swill have a maximum axial reach, i.e. a portion maximally spaced fromsecond end 825 y, a given amount. That amount may preferably bedifferent than any portion of surface 828 q that engage the housing toform a radially directed seal. Preferably, the difference is at least0.5 mm, usually at least 1 mm, and often 2 mm or longer in total reach.

When the regions of the two sections is different, which is longerdepends on a balancing of preferences. For example, in some instances,it would be preferred that the surface 833 s be a portion of an innerend piece region that has the longer reach. The reason for thispreferred arrangement with the respect to the maximum axial reach anddistance from end 825 y will be apparent from an understanding of theoperation. As the cartridge 810 is installed, the installer may need torotate the cartridge slightly in order to ensure that the non-circularseal surface 833 s is appropriately aligned with portions of a housing,to allow full insertion and sealing to occur. It would be preferable ifduring this rotational alignment, the outer perimeter radial seal 828 qis not already engaged, as this would resist rotation. By having amaximum reach of surface of 833 s greater than the maximum reach ofsurface 828 q, it can be understood that the rotation can occur morereadily. This preferred arrangement can be practiced with any of theembodiments described herein, to advantage.

However, in some instances, limitation to the insertion of the cartridge810 will be provided by the projection arrangement 856 x, engaging theflow tube prior to region 828 (and tip 841) reaching a point of sealingresistance. When this is the case, it may be desired to have the outerring of the end piece be longer than the inner portion on which seal 833is located. The reason for this is if the cartridge 810 is stood on endpiece 828, the outer ring will inhibit regions adjacent seal 833 fromcontacting contaminate.

Thus, whether the region that forms surface 833 s has the same axialreach as the region that forms the outer perimeter 828 q, or isdifferent (either longer or short) may turn on other features of thesystem and concerns. However, advantages from the variations can beobtained as explained.

It is not meant to be suggested, however, that every feature of anygiven embodiment must be applied in that embodiment for a useful andadvantageous arrangement to result. Selected advantages can be achievedwhile not using all of the features depicted and discussed.

VIII. Some Example Variations in the Arrangement of FIGS. 71-89 A. TheVariations of FIGS. 71A, 71B, 72B, 71C, 72B, 72C, 74A, 75A, 75B, 76A,77A, 78A and 78B

In FIGS. 71A, 71B, 71C, 72B, 72C, 74A, 75A, 75A, 75B, 76A, 77A, 78A and78B some selected variations in the features described above inconnection with the embodiments of FIGS. 71-89 are depicted anddescribed. It is noted that features of these variations can be appliedin many of the other embodiments described herein, including, forexample the embodiments of FIGS. 1-70.

Referring first to FIG. 71A, a filter assembly 1400 is depicted. Thefilter assembly 1400 comprises a housing 1401 having features generallyin accord with those previously described: i.e. a housing body section1402 with an (inlet) flow tube 1403 and an (outlet) flow tube 1404 and aremovable access cover 1405. The removable access cover 1405 is shownwith a dust ejector tube 1406 thereon. The dust ejector tuber 1406 isdepicted without an evacuator valve arrangement thereon, but one wouldtypically be used.

It is noted that, unlike previously described arrangements, end 1410 ofthe access cover 1405 is depicted with a plurality of axially projectingtabs 1411 thereon. Further, a latch arrangement 1415 is depicted whichincludes a thumb catch, tab or latch section 1416, positioned in overlapwith end 1410. The latch tab 1416 is positioned in overlap with end 1410for convenient access during servicing. The tabs 1411 help provide thatwhen the access cover is stood on a surface with end 1410 projectingdownwardly, latch section 1416 is protected from being damaged. It alsohelps avoid the possibility of the latch being inadvertently opened ordamaged, if something brushes or bumps against end 1410.

As a result of tab 1416 being in overlap with end 1410, the latch 1415has a relatively long reach, to latch end 1415 x. At 1420, a retentionfeature is depicted that helps the hold the latch 1415 close to theouter surface of the access cover 1405. It also serves as a guide forthe latch arrangement 1415. When the latch arrangement 1415 is opened,the latch section 1421 travels toward outlet 1404. The section of latcharrangement 1421 near projection 1420 is angled so that as it travelstoward the outlet 1404, the end of the latch moves outward to clear theretention flange 1422 on body section 1402 Projections 1425 protect thelatch retention structure 1420 from being broken, as the housing 1401 ishandled.

At 1427 is provided a radiused dimple in the access cover 1405, that caninterfere with the radial saw tooth arrangement on an end of the body1402 (not viewable projecting inside of access cover 1405). This allowsthe service cover to be retained at a selected angular position, and tobe easily secured in that position.

In FIG. 71B a side view of the assembly 1400 is depicted. The outlet1404 is depicted with an optional tap 1430, usable in accord withprinciples previously described herein for other embodiments.

In FIG. 72B, a cross-sectional view of assembly 1400 taken along lines72B-72B, FIG. 71B, is depicted. Within housing 1401 is depicted aserviceable filter cartridge 1430 generally comprising features aspreviously described, see FIGS. 72 and 72A for previously described,related, features.

Still referring to FIG. 72B, it is noted that the outlet tubeconstruction or flow tube construction 1404 includes a flange 1431 thatextends, radially, nearly to an outer perimeter of the housing 1401, forexample a portion of the outer perimeter being indicated at 1401 p. Thisvariation can be implemented with other embodiments described herein.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 74A, a side elevational view ofcartridge 1430. The cartridge 1430 generally comprises media 1435extending between first and second end pieces 1436, 1437. In FIG. 75A, across-sectional view taken generally along line 75A-75A, FIG. 74A, isdepicted. Here, the cartridge 1430 is depicted in cross-sectional view.

Referring to end piece 1436 it can be seen that first seal 1440 whichcan be a non-circular seal as previously described, is shown projectingto a furthest outmost reach 1440 r in extension away from remote end orsecond end 1435 y of the media 1435, that is further than a limit ofreach indicated at 1441 r of a secondary outer seal 1441. The two seals1440 and 1441 are depicted as a portion of end piece 1436 positioned onend 1435 x of the media 1435. This can be advantageous in somearrangements since it helps provide that as the seal 1440 is inserted,seal 1441 has not yet been engaged.

Referring to FIG. 75A, dimension XF for an example would be 273 mm,although alternatives are possible.

Still referring to FIG. 75A, it is noted that the cartridge 1430depicted includes a radial projection 1445 usable as an indexing member,in a manner analogous to those previously described for otherembodiments.

Referring back to FIG. 72B, preferably the portion of the end piece 1436forms an outer rim or ring 1450 does not include the substantial portionof seal support extending all the way toward a tip 1450 t; and, portionsof the housing that are pressed into groove 1460 are sized to deflectflexible end 1450 radially outwardly against the housing duringinstallation, to facilitate sealing. Again, this variation can beapplied with a variety of the alternative embodiments described herein.

Also referring to FIG. 72B, support 1447 which provides some support atin end piece, and near the outer perimeter, can be a separate ring froma remainder of support structure within the cartridge 1430.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 71C. FIG. 71C is a further alternateembodiment 1470 of a filter assembly according to the presentdisclosure. It includes many of the general features described above forthe arrangement 1400 but with some modification and specific structuraldetail. Thus, the arrangement 1470 comprises a housing 1471 thatincludes a body section 1472 and access cover 1475. The housing 1471, inthis example on the access cover 1472, includes a gas flow inlet 1473and gas flow outlet 1474. In FIG. 72C, a cross-sectional view ofassembly 1470 is provided. Here cartridge 1480 can comprise media 1481having first and second opposite ends 1481 x, 1481 y positioned inextension between end pieces 1484, 1485.

End piece 1484, positioned on first end 1481 of the media, comprises anend piece which has an open central flow aperture therethrough, andwhich includes a seal arrangement thereon. The seal arrangement in theexample depicted, comprises first radially directed seal 1486 and asecond radially directed 1487, with a receiving groove 1490 positionedbetween the two seals 1486,1487. In the example depicted, each of theseals 1486, 1487 is radially outwardly directed. The first seal 1486 ispositioned with a largest radial outer cross-sectional dimension smallerthan an outer perimeter cross-sectional size of the media 1481. The sealsurface 1486 may be circular but typically it will be non-circular inaccord with principles described herein above.

In the example depicted in FIG. 72C, the maximum axial reach of the endcap portion of the seal surface 1486 thereon, extends further inextension away from end 1481 y, than does a maximum amount of extensionof the region of the need cap that includes seal surface 1487 thereon.This may be a convenient construction, if space within region 1495 istoo narrow to accommodate a projection extending therein.

In FIG. 75B, an outlet end perspective view of cartridge 1480 isdepicted. Projections 1492 are shown positioned on an end of end piece1436. The projections 1492 can be configured to engage in end wall, andfacilitate stabilization of the cartridge 1480 in place during use. InFIG. 76A an end view of cartridge 1480 is depicted but without optionalprojection 1492. Example dimensions are provided as follows: XG=80 mm;XH=20 mm radius; XI=27 mm radius; and, XJ=90 mm.

In FIG. 77A, an end view of the closed end 1437 of cartridge 1480 isdepicted, with an example dimension provided as follows: XK=106 mm. InFIG. 78A, a perspective view of cartridge 1480 is depicted and in FIG.78B a further perspective view of cartridge 1480 is depicted.

From the above, it will be understood that in some applications, it maybe desirable to have the end piece having the primary seal thereoninclude an outer rim portion that is relatively short relative to themaximum extension of the portion of the end having the primary sealthereon, or relatively long relative to that end portion. Furthervarious arrangements it may be desirable to have the outer portion ofthe need cap material be relatively flexible, radially, so it can beflexed against a housing, if desired, or it may be desirable to have itsupported by an internal structural support. The principles describedherein can be applied to an advantage in a variety of such arrangements,and these variations can be applied in a variety of the embodimentsdescribed herein.

B. Additional Variations, FIGS. 90-101

In FIG. 90, a variation applicable in various ones of the embodimentsdescribed herein, is depicted. In FIG. 90, what is depicted, isvariations in a support structure 1600 that can be used in variousfilter cartridges described herein. The support structure 1600 depicted,includes a support section 1601 which serves as a media support andaround which media would be positioned during use. The particularsupport section 1601 is depicted as a media support that does notinclude a resonator/sonic choke arrangement, however, it could beconfigured with a resonator/sonic choke section, for example, previouslydescribed, if desired. The support structure 1600 also includes endsupport structure which will typically be embedded in molded-in-placeportions of an end piece and which can operate as a seal support.

In FIG. 91, a fragmentary perspective view of the support structure 1600is depicted, directed generally toward end support structural 1602. Theend support structure 1602 includes a primary seal support 1604configured to support a non-circular seal, comprising a plurality ofoutwardly projecting sections and inwardly projecting sections aspreviously described.

Projecting radially outwardly from the primary seal support 1604 is asupport arrangement 1606 comprising ribs 1607 and outer flange sections1608.

In FIG. 92, a second perspective view is shown, to facilitateunderstanding.

From FIGS. 90-92, one can understand that the principles can be appliedin an arrangement in which an outermost rim is a segmented sectionrather than a continuous ring. This can be practiced with many of thevarious cartridges shown and described herein.

In FIG. 93, a further alternate support structure 1650 is depicted.Support 1650 is analogous to support structure 1600 and includes asupport section 1651 for supporting media, and inlet section 1652 whichwould normally be embedded in end cap material during use. Again, themedia support section 1651 is depicted as a porous media support, butcan be provided with a resonator/sonic choke configuration/feature ifdesired. The end section 1652 is typically embedded in molded-in-placeportions of an end piece is use; and, includes a seal support section1653 for the primary seal. It can be circular but is depicted configuredto provide support for a primary seal that comprises alternatingoutwardly projecting and inwardly projecting sections.

In FIG. 94, a perspective view is shown, and projecting radiallyoutwardly from sections 1653 are support section 1655 comprising radialsections 1656 and axial projections 1657. In FIG. 95, an alternateperspective view is shown, for further examination. From a review ofFIGS. 93-95, it will be understood that support for an outer seal can beprovided by a section that comprises an outer support region andsegments that is not supported by ribs but rather is secured to otherportions of the support structure in alternate manners. Also, axialsupport sections 1651 can be used.

The principles of FIGS. 93-95 can be applied in many of arrangementsdescribed herein.

In FIGS. 96-101, a variation relating to providing a seal supportseparately from a media support is provided.

Attention is first directed to FIG. 96, in which construction 1700 isshown. Construction 1700 is depicted schematically and comprises a mediasupport section 1701 and seal support section 1702. It can be seen thatthe two sections 1701, 1702 are separate from one another, i.e. notintegral with one another. Support section 1701 is shown schematically.While it can comprise a porous tube with a lattice structure, as a mediasupport, it can be configured as a resonator/sonic choke section ifdesired. The intent in the depiction of FIG. 96, is simply to showschematically there is a section that projects into an interiorsurrounded by media in use.

Support section 1702 can be in accord with any of the variety ofsupports described previously herein. In the example depicted, itcomprises a primary seal support 1703 which can be alternatelyconfigured to support a variety of differently shaped seals. In theparticular example support 1703 is configured to support a sealarrangement in which the seal comprises a plurality of inwardlyprojecting and outwardly projecting sections. Also provided on thesupport 1702 is an outer rim 1705 secured by ribs 1706. Variationsdiscussed above can be used.

Support 1702 further includes a central section 1708 with an air flowaperture 1709 therethrough and with optional members 1710 of a radialindexing arrangement thereon. In FIG. 97, section 1401 and 1402 areshown brought together as they typically would be during typicalassembly. In FIG. 98, structure 1700, FIG. 97, is depicted schematicallywith sections 1701 and 1702 as previously described. In FIG. 99, and endview taken toward section 1702 is provided, with features as previouslydescribed. In FIG. 100, a cross-sectional view of support structure 1700is depicted with sections 1701 and 1702 as previously described. In FIG.101, an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG. 100 is depictedagain with sections as previously described.

It will be understood that during preparation of the cartridge, thesupport 1700 can be assembled from non-integral pieces, which would thenbe put together during molding an end piece to secure the parts togetherand to provide for appropriate features in the cartridge. Thenon-integral pieces can be made from the same material or differentmaterials.

IX. An Example Embodiments with a Straight Through Flow Constructions,FIGS. 102-107

Herein, above, the examples described generally relate to arrangementsin which the media of the cartridge surrounds an open filter interior,and during filtering flow goes through this media into the open filterinterior and then exits through an open end piece and an of the mediapack. The principles described herein can be applied in alternatearrangements in which the media is constructed for “straight throughflow”, i.e. in which flow during filtering enters one end of the mediaand exits an opposite end. Example can be understood by reference toFIGS. 102-107. Of course the housing would be modified for use with astraight through flow cartridge.

Referring to FIG. 102, a cartridge 900 is depicted comprising a mediapack 901 configured for straight through flow during filtering. As anexample, unfiltered air (gas) can enter into end 902 and exit throughopposite end 903 as filtered air (gas). The media 905 can be configuredin a variety of ways, for example, as a fluted construction with flutesextending between the opposite ends or flow faces 902, 903, providedwith inlet flutes open at end 902 and closed at end 903, and outletflutes closed at end 902 and open at end 903, with the media 903configured such that air which enters 902 cannot exit end 903 withoutpassing through the media. Such media can be provided for example in theform described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,432 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,396,376incorporated herein by reference, in which the media pack comprisesfluted materials secured to facing materials and formed in the mediapack with appropriate flute seals for operation.

Typical examples comprise a fluted sheet secured to a facing sheet (forexample) and coiled as shown in FIG. 103 at 910. Construction of suchmedia, is, for example, described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,432 and U.S.Pat. No. 7,396,736 incorporated herein by reference. It can be made of avariety of materials and can be provided with a surface treatment suchas fine fiber, if desired. Referring to FIG. 103, the coil 911 is shownwith a seal 912 formed at one end of the flutes 913 as the media iscoiled, and with a second flute 914 already formed between a flutedsheet 916 and a facing sheet 917. Such a coil 911 can then be used inthe media pack of cartridge 900.

Referring back to FIG. 102, the cartridge 900 is depicted as having anend piece 920 at a first end of the media 905. The end piece 920depicted includes a molded-in-place portion 921 configured to have afirst seal member 923 generally as previously described, in the form ofa radial seal 923 s (in the example a radially outwardly directed seal)comprising a plurality of outwardly curved (convex) lobes 9231 spacedby, preferably, non-straight, inwardly directed, preferably outwardlyfacing, (concave) regions 931 c. The shape and number of lobes 9231 canbe as previously described for other embodiments. Further, the sealmaterial forming surface 923 s can be molded over a structural supportif desired.

The particular end piece 920 depicted includes an optional receivinggroove 940 surrounding the seal surface 923 s; the groove beinggenerally as previously described. Further, the end piece 920 includesan outer perimeter 920 p that can be formed from the seal material toprovide a secondary perimeter seal as previously described. Further, theend piece 920 can include an optional support structure embedded withinthe perimeter 920 p to form a support for seal 920 p.

A support structure, as indicated above, can be included embedded withinmolded-in-place portions of end piece 920, and would thus be out of viewof the embodiment shown in FIG. 90. It can be provided with a supportfor 923 l and support for seal 920 p if desired. If used, the supportcould be configured not to extend into a center of the media 905, ifdesired, since in this instance from media 905 is not coiled around anopen filter interior. Rather, a central section 905 c of the mediacoiled can simply be plugged at end 903.

Still referring to FIG. 102, the cartridge 900 depicted is provided witha second end piece 930 adjacent end 902, to facilitate gripping. Endpiece 930 is optional. It would typically be open at end 902 to allowflow passage into the media pack.

The media pack of cartridge 900, FIG. 90, can be provided with animpermeable sheath or shield surrounding the media if desired. However,such a shield would be optional, and the media pack can be simply acoiled construction of facing media secured to fluted media, if desired.The features of the end piece 920 can be, in general, in accord with thedescriptions provided herein above for other embodiments, exceptmodified where needed to accommodate the media type.

The depiction in FIG. 102 is schematic, it is not meant to precisely todepict any selected embodiment, but rather be indicative of how theprinciples described herein can be applied in arrangements which uses amedia of the type described above, for straight through flow. Again, ifused, the housing would be configured for a straight through flowcartridge.

It is noted that in the example depicted, portions of the end piece 920are positioned over an end of the media 905, and thus would block flowthrough outer perimeter portions of the media, i.e. various ones ofradially outer most flutes. If desired, the end piece 90 can be providedwith a support which provides that molded-in-place portions of the endpiece 920, and any preform support portion, are supported spaced awayfrom ends of the flutes, at media face, so that radially outer mostflutes, or at least fewer flutes, are blocked from exit flow therefrom.Principles described in connection with U.S. Pat. No. 6,190,432 and U.S.Pat. No. 7,396,376 for supports and seal members thereof, can be appliedto accomplish this result.

It is noted that the embodiment of FIGS. 102 and 103 can be practicedwith the variations described previously herein, in connection withother embodiments, especially as to detailed configuration of sealdimensions, receiver groove dimensions, seal location and direction etc.

The principles described can be applied in straight through flowconstructions without circular configurations, see for example thearrangement of FIGS. 104, 105. In FIG. 104, the cartridge 1800 isdepicted comprising a media pack 1801 using media generally as describedabove in connection with FIG. 103, except coiled in a non-circularpattern. Such oval arrangements are described for example in WO 00/50149and WO 2005/063361, incorporated herein by reference.

An end 1802 of the media is depicted, having a support 1803 thereon asseal arrangement 1804 therearound. The seal arrangement 1804 depictedcomprises a plurality of outwardly projecting sections 1805 separated byinwardly projecting sections 1806, to form a non-circular radially (inthe example outwardly) directed seal. Here, many more than 12 each ofsuch sections are shown, but alternatives are possible. Of course, theprinciples could be applied with a radially inwardly directed seal. Itis noted that the particular embodiment of FIG. 104 is as a singleprimary seal, although the principles could be applied in embodimentwith an optional secondary outer seal if desired. In FIG. 105, an endview of cartridge 1800 is depicted with features as described.

It is noted that a variety of straight through flow constructions usingmedia comprising fluted sheets secured to facing sheets are known, inwhich the media pack is not configured from a coiled arrangement butrather comprises a stack of sheets of media, the sheets comprise flutedmedia secured to facing media. Examples are described in U.S. Pat. No.8,216,334, incorporated herein by reference. The principles describedherein can be applied with such arrangements. An example is depicted inFIGS. 106 and 107, which comprise variations of the arrangementsdepicted in U.S. Pat. No. 8,216,334, incorporated herein by reference.

Referring first to FIG. 106, filter cartridge 1850 is depicted. Thefilter cartridge 1850 includes a media pack 1851 configured for straightthrough flow. The surface of media pack 1851 depicted at 1852 isgenerally an inlet surface or face. Internally within the cartridge 1850at 1853, an outlet surface or face will be provided. The media pack 1851can comprise for example a stack of strips of media, the various stripscomprising fluted media secured to facing media, with inlet and outletflutes extending between surfaces 1852, 1853.

Still referring to FIG. 106, the cartridge 1850 includes end piece 1855,1856 mounted thereon. It is noted that the end pieces 1855, 1856depicted are molded-in-place onto the media 1851, but alternatives arepossible. Further, the cartridge 1850 includes a sheath 1860 thatextends around selected portions of the media pack 1851, and variationsin the configuration are possible.

Still referring to FIG. 106, end piece 1856 is an open end piece, havinga flow aperture 1870 therethrough, for gas flow. Typically aperture 1890is an outlet aperture, allowing for egress from an interior of cartridge1850 of filtered gas, typically air.

In the arrangement depicted, aperture 1870 is shown having thereon, aradially directed seal 1871 comprising a plurality of lobes 1872separated by recesses 1873. In the example depicted, the seal 1871 is aradially inwardly directed seal, and the lobes 1871 are radiallyinwardly projecting (convex) and the recesses 1873 are radiallyoutwardly projecting (concave). This indicates that the principles canbe applied with a radially directed seal. However, it is noted that thecartridge 1850 could be configured with an outwardly directed seal ifdesired.

In FIG. 107 an end view of cartridge 1850 is depicted with features asdescribed.

X. Application of the Principles in a Crankcase Ventilation Cartridge,FIGS. 108-111

As indicated above, the principles described herein can be applied inconnection with filtration of a variety of materials including variousgases and in some instances, liquids. Many of the applications willpreferably involve filtering of air, for example, engine intake air forinternal combustion engines. However, the principles can be provided infiltration of other gases, such as crankcase ventilation gases. Examplesare depicted in FIGS. 108-111.

A first example is provided in FIGS. 108-109. The crankcase ventilationfilter assembly, with which these principles are depicted, can be oneotherwise generally in accord with the descriptions of U.S. Ser. No.61/503,008 and U.S. Ser. No. 61/665,501, incorporated herein byreference.

Referring to FIG. 108, a cartridge 1900 is depicted comprising media1901 positioned in extension between opposite ends 1902, 1903. Theparticular media 1901 depicted is configured surrounding an open filterinterior 1905. Media selection for a crankcase ventilation gas filtercan be made in accord with the general principles well known therefor,for example in accord with WO 2008/157251, incorporated herein byreference.

The cartridge 1900 is depicted having end pieces 1910, 1911 betweenwhich the media 1901 extends. Although alternatives are possible, in atypical application for crankcase ventilation filter cartridges, themedia 1901 would not be embedded in the end pieces 1910, 1911 but wouldmerely extend therebetween. Typically the end pieces 1910, 1911 wouldcomprise portions of structure that include media support structure butalternatives are possible.

End piece 1910 is depicted as having an outer perimeter 1911 having aradially directed seal thereon. The radially directed seal is configuredcomprising a plurality of outwardly directed lobes 1915 spaced byrecesses or inwardly projecting regions 1916.

In FIG. 109, a plan view of cartridge 1900 is depicted, with features asindicated. Example dimensions are as follows: XL=5 mm radius; XM=18.7 mmradius; XN=106.34 mm; and, XO=100.5 mm.

Still referring to FIGS. 108 and 109, it is noted that a crankcaseventilation filter cartridge is configured to filter crankcaseventilation gases, which generally include a liquid (fine droplet oraerosol) phase as well as a solid particulate phase. The media isgenerally selected as a coalescing media for the liquid particles, and adrainage path is typically provided for draining of liquid collected bythe cartridge. The cartridge can be configured for out-to-in flow duringfiltering or in-to-out filtering. Depending on the direction of theflow, the second end cap may be provided with an opening therethrough,to facilitate liquid drainage flow. Principles relating to this aredescribed in WO 2007/53411 and WO 2008/157251, incorporated herein byreference.

In FIGS. 110, 111, a further example of a crankcase ventilation filtercartridge is depicted. It is noted that the cartridge is configuredgenerally analogously to the cartridge that can be used in systemshaving features such as those described in WO 2007/53411 and WO2008/157251, incorporated herein by reference.

Referring to FIG. 111, cartridge 1950 is depicted comprising media 1951extending between opposite end pieces 1952, 1953. Herein, end piece 1952is provided with first and second seal sections thereon, first section1955 comprising a radially directed seal (in the example, a radiallyoutwardly directed seal) comprising a plurality of outwardly projectingsections 1956 separated by radially inwardly projecting sections 1957.The primary seal 1955 is depicted surrounded an open central aperture1958.

End piece 1958 is depicted as having a perimeter section 1960 spacedfrom seal arrangement 1955 radially by receiving groove 1961. Theperimeter rim 1960 can define an outwardly directed seal 1965, seal 1965has a secondary seal if desired.

In FIG. 11, an end view of cartridge 1950 is depicted, with featurespreviously described indicated.

In FIG. 111, example dimensions are as follows: XP=129 mm diameter;XQ=16 mm radius; XR=3 mm radius; XS=93 mm; and, XT=71 mm.

XI. Selected General Comments and Observations

According to the present disclosure, filter assemblies, components andfeatures thereof are described. There is no specific requirement that anassembly, component or feature include all of the specific detailcharacterized herein, in order to obtain some benefit according to thepresent disclosure.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a filter cartridge foruse in a filter assembly is described. The air filter cartridgegenerally comprises media having first and second ends; in certainembodiments the media surrounding and defining an open filter interior.The media can be pleated, but alternatives are possible. The media canhave a generally cylindrical perimeter shape or alternate shapes.

A first end piece (typically an end cap) is positioned on the media, forexample at an end. The first end piece is generally an open end piece,with a central aperture therethrough. In selected embodiments, the firstend piece is an end cap that preferably extends completely across afirst end of the media, fully enclosing the first end of the media.However, alternatives are possible. Typically, portion(s) of the firstopen end piece are molded-in-place, although alternatives are possible.

In many arrangements, a second end of the media is engaged by anoptional second end piece. In selected embodiments, the second end pieceis typically a closed end cap having no central aperture therethrough,but alternatives are possible. The second end piece can bemolded-in-place, or include molded-in-place portions, althoughalternatives are possible.

In an example filter cartridge depicted, housing seal arrangement ispositioned on the first end piece. In certain examples, the housing sealarrangement includes a (first) radially directed seal surface. Inselected examples depicted, the (first) radially directed seal surfaceis non-circular in perimeter direction, for example having at least two,spaced, radially outwardly projecting seal surface sections, typicallyat least three spaced radially outwardly projecting seal surfacesections and preferably at least four, spaced, radially outwardlyprojecting seal surface sections (typically 4-12, inclusive, suchsections, usually outwardly convex in shape). The radially outwardlyprojecting seal surface sections, in many embodiments described herein,are spaced from one another by non-straight, for example radiallyinwardly projecting, usually outwardly convex seal surface sections,although alternatives are possible. Typically, the seal surface isoriented in axial overlap with the media.

Typically, the seal surface sections are radially outwardly directed,and configured to form an outwardly directed first radially directedseal surface. Examples are depicted in which the first radially directedseal surface comprises six outwardly curved surface sections and sixinwardly curved surface sections. In another example ten outwardlycurved sections alternating with the inwardly curved sections are used.

Example housing seal arrangements are described that comprise: a firstradially directed seal arrangement having a first seal surface and anoptional second radially directed seal arrangement having a second sealsurface. Typically, when both are present, the first seal surface isspaced radially at least 5 mm from the second seal surface, often atleast 10 mm typically at least 15 mm therefrom, although alternativesare possible.

Typically, the first radially directed seal surface (when the cartridgeis not installed) has a seal perimeter largest cross-sectional size atleast 5 mm smaller, usually at least 10 mm smaller, often at least 20 mmsmaller than a largest cross-sectional size of the second radiallydirected seal surface, and sometimes at least 30 mm smaller, when theoptional second seal is present. When both of the seal surfaces define acircular pattern, the perimeter cross-sectional size generally comprisesthe seal diameter of the seal surface (undistorted by installation).

An example is provided in which the first end piece includes amolded-in-place portion having a first end (or portion) of the mediaembedded therein; the first seal surface and the optional second sealsurface typically each comprising surfaces of the molded-in-placeportion.

In some example arrangements depicted, the first radially directed sealsurface is radially outwardly directed radial seal surface, althoughalternatives are possible. In some example arrangements depicted, theoptional second radially directed seal surface is a radially outwardlydirected radial seal surface, for example around an outer perimeter ofthe first end cap. Alternatives are possible.

In some example arrangements depicted, the first end piece includes areceiving groove therein; and, the first seal surface comprises asidewall or surface portion of the receiving groove. Typically, thereceiving groove is at least 5 mm deep from a nearest adjacent axial endsurface of the first end piece, usually at least 8 mm deep and typicallyan amount within the range of 10-25 mm deep, from a nearest adjacentouter axial end surface of the first end piece.

Typically, the receiving groove has opposite inner and outer sidewallsections spaced at least 3 mm apart, usually at least 4 mm apart. In theembodiment of FIGS. 1-32 they are spaced typically not more than 15 mmapart, at a location within a deepest 30% of the receiving groove andusually at a location with a deepest 35% of the receiving groove. Thevery bottom most part of the receiving groove, however, may involve atapering of the sidewalls together somewhat. In alternate applications,the seal groove may vary in width, around a non-circular seal surface.

Typically, for the embodiment of FIGS. 1-32 described, the receivinggroove has opposite inner and outer sidewall sections spaced apart nomore than 15 mm at some location in a deepest 30% of the groove,typically spaced no more than 15 mm at same location in a deepest 35% ofthe receiving groove.

Typically, the receiving groove has a cross-section with an outwardflare or outwardly opening outer end sections adjacent an outer endsurface of the first end piece, with a maximum opening width of at least5 mm, typically at least 7 mm and often substantially more.

In example arrangements depicted, the first end piece has a first sealsupport embedded therein, which provides a support to the first radialseal. Typically, the first seal support is a relatively stiffconstruction and is positioned no further than 20 mm from the first sealsurface, when the cartridge is undistorted. Typically, it is no morethan 15 mm from the first seal surface, when the cartridge isundistorted by installation. Also, typically the material between thefirst seal surface and the first seal support is configured to distort(compress) at least 10% toward the first seal support duringinstallation, usually at least 15%, typically an amount within the rangeof 15-35% inclusive, and, most often, an amount within the range of20-30%, inclusive.

The first end cap piece optionally be provided a second seal supportembedded therein positioned no more than 10 mm, typically no more than 8mm from the optional second seal surface of the second seal arrangement.Typically, when used, the second seal arrangement is configured todistort (compress) a surface portion thereof, maximally, at least 3%,typically at least 5%, and often an amount within the range of 5-20%,inclusive, in compression toward the optional second seal support, ininstallation.

In an example, when used the second seal surface includes a surfaceportion that extends axially toward the second end of the media, atleast 2 mm further, usually at least 4 mm further, than the deepestportion of the receiving groove and/or any portion of the first sealsurface.

Herein above, arrangements are described with two radial seals, an innerand radially outer perimeter seal, in which one of the radial seals ison a portion of the end piece that has a greater maximum axial reachmaximum extension away from a second or remote end of the media, thandoes the other. This can provide different advantages described,depending on which is longer.

Example arrangements are depicted in which an optional resonator/sonicchoke arrangement (or sonic choke/resonator) is provided. Theresonator/sonic choke includes a first end embedded in the first endpiece, a central throat, a transition region and a perforate end regionadjacent an opposite end of the resonator/sonic choke from the first endcap. The transition region extends between the central throat and theperforate end region, and preferably includes a sidewall section, withan outwardly directed concave region and an outwardly directed convexregion. The outwardly directed concave region or section is typicallyadjacent the central throat and the outwardly directed convex section orregion is typically adjacent the liner section. The outwardly directedconvex section is typically at least 40% and usually at least 50% openand sometimes 60% or more open. By open in this context, reference ismeant to aperture open area as a % of perimeter area.

The outwardly directed concave region has a surface radius that istypically of at least 25 mm and often an amount within the rage of 26-35mm, inclusive.

The central throat typically has an internal diameter of at least 25 mmand usually within the range of 27-35 mm, inclusive.

The resonator/sonic choke (or sonic choke/resonator) includes a funnelsection expanding in width in extension between the throat and the firstend piece. Usually, the funnel section has a funnel angle of at least5°, typically an amount within the range of 6-8°, inclusive.

Example filter cartridges are depicted in which a seal support structurecomprises a perform embedded in the first end piece, with a seal supportstructure including: a central hub; and, a strut arrangement secured tothe central hub extending radially outwardly thereon. The strutarrangement can extend to an optional outer ring, to form an open gridarrangement. In examples depicted the struts extend at an axial angle ofat least 0.5°, typically at least 1° and often an amount within therange of 1-3°, inclusive, in a direction away from the media (or thesecond end cap or a plane perpendicular to the cartridge central axis)as the strut extends in extension away from the hub, for example towardthe outer ring is used. The hub may comprise a circular seal support ornon-circular seal support; examples of each being depicted.

Typically, the outer support, when used, includes a seal support regionextending over an axial length of 5-15 mm, inclusive, althoughalternatives are possible.

In an example depicted, the central hub includes a base region adjacentthe media with a resin flow aperture arrangement therethrough. In anexample depicted, the support structure includes a central ringsurrounded by, and spaced from, the central base region; the centralregion forming a trough with a central hub, with communication into thetrough provided by the aperture arrangement in the base region of thecentral hub.

Principles of the present invention can be applied in a variety offilter cartridges using selected ones or alternate features to thosecharacterized above. As an example characterization, according to thepresent disclosure, an air filter cartridge is provided that includesmedia, for example as previously characterized; and, a first end piecemolded-in-place, the first end piece having an outer perimeter surfacedefining a housing seal arrangement. The first end piece preferablyincludes a groove therein having a depth of at least 5 mm, and mayinclude one or more features as previously described for a receivinggroove. For example, a portion of a sidewall surface of the groove canbe a housing seal surface.

According to the present disclosure, another aspect of an advantageousfilter cartridge can be characterized as follows. The filter cartridgecan include media, for example with first and second ends, and, forexample, surrounding and defining an open filter interior. A first endpiece can be molded-in-place and can have the media first end securedthereto, for example embedded therein; and, the first end cap can havefirst and second radially directed seal surfaces. The seal supportstructure is embedded in the first end piece and includes a first sealsupport ring embedded in the first end cap at a location adjacent to,and spaced from, the first seal surface, to operably provide back-up tomaterial forming the first seal surface, to control compression. Anoptional second seal support ring can be positioned surrounding andspaced from the first seal support ring; the second seal support ringbeing embedded in the first end cap at a location adjacent to, andspaced from, the second seal surface an amount sufficient to providecontrol of compression of seal material that forms the second sealsurface.

With such an arrangement, an example is depicted in which the first sealsurface is a radially outwardly directed seal surface, althoughalternatives are possible. Also, in an example depicted, the second sealsurface is a radially outwardly directed seal surface, and can be aperimeter surface.

In an example depicted, the first seal surface is a sidewall surface ofa groove positioned in the first end cap.

Various ones of the features previously characterized can be used withthis aspect of this disclosure.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, a filter cartridge isprovided having an optional support surrounded by the media, the supportincluding an optional resonator and/or sonic choke configurationtherein, as generally defined and discussed above. This aspect canoptionally be used with various features of the first end cap and sealarrangement as discussed or in other air filter arrangements.

Herein, embodiments are described, in which the principles of thepresent disclosure can be applied in a cartridge having a straightthrough flow construction, i.e. a cartridge in which the media isconfigured for filtering as air passes from an inlet end to an oppositeoutlet end of the media pack. An example media pack is described inwhich the media comprises a plurality of flutes extending betweenopposite ends of the media pack, a set of inlet flutes being openadjacent the inlet end and closed adjacent the outlet end, and a set ofoutlet flutes being closed adjacent the inlet end and open the adjacentoutlet end.

Also according to the present disclosure, filter (for example (air orgas) cleaner assemblies are described. The filter (for example aircleaner or gas) assemblies will generally comprise a housing having a(air or gas) flow inlet and an (air or gas) flow outlet. A filtercartridge having selected features as characterized above is operablyand removably positioned within the housing.

In an example depicted and described, the housing comprises a bodysection having a flow tube secured thereto, with a joint between thehousing body section and the flow tube; and, a first end cap of an (airor gas) filter cartridge installed in the includes an end groove thereininto which a portion of the joint between the housing body section ofthe flow tube projects. In an example depicted, the filter cartridge isremovably sealed to the flow tube by a radial seal positioned along asidewall of the groove. Specific examples are described in which theradial seal is an outwardly directed radial seal. In one example, theseal is circular. In other example, the seal is non-circular.

In an example depicted, the air flow cartridge is not sealed to the bodysection other than the flow tube, by any portion of the first end cappositioned in the groove. Rather, the first end cap includes an outerperimeter radial seal that is removably secured to a surrounding portionof the body section.

Such configurations can advantageously isolate a joint in the housing,between a cartridge seal against the flow tube and a cartridge sealagainst the housing sidewall, to advantage.

The principles described herein can be applied in a variety of filterassemblies. Examples described in which the principles applied to (air)gas filter assemblies. Examples are described include air filters andcrankcase ventilation filter assemblies. The principles can be appliedto a variety of alternate gas filtration arrangements, in some instanceseven with liquid filter assemblies.

Again, the principles, techniques, and features described herein can beapplied in a variety of systems, and there is no requirement that all ofthe advantageous features identified be incorporated in an assembly,system or component to obtain some benefit according to the presentdisclosure.

XI. Some Selected Final Characterizations

In this summary, some selected, final summary characterizations of theteachings herein are provided. Among what may be claimed is:1. A filter cartridge comprising: (a) media; and, (b) a housing sealarrangement comprising: (i)

-   -   a first radially directed seal surface having at least three        radially outwardly projecting sections alternating with at least        three, radially inwardly projecting sections.        2. A filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein: (a) the        media has first and second ends; and, surrounds and defines an        open filter interior.        3. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1 and 2        wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends; (b) a first,        open, end piece is positioned at the first end of the media;        and, (c) the housing seal arrangement is positioned on the first        end piece.        4. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-3        wherein: (a) the first radially directed seal surface comprises        4-12, inclusive, radially outwardly projecting sections        alternating with 4-12, inclusive, radially inwardly projecting        sections.        5. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-4        wherein: (a) the first radially directed seal surface comprises        a first radially outwardly directed seal surface.        6. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-5        wherein: (a) the first radially directed seal surface comprises        at least six radially outwardly projecting sections and at least        six radially inwardly projecting sections.        7. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-6        wherein: (a) each radially outwardly projecting section is an        outwardly convex section.        8. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-7        wherein: (a) each radially inwardly projecting section is an        inwardly concave section        9. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-8        wherein: (a) the housing seal arrangement includes a second        radially directed seal arrangement having a second radially        directed seal surface.        10. A filter cartridge according to claim 9 wherein: (a) the        cartridge includes a first, open, end piece; and, (b) the first        radially directed seal surface and the second radially directed        seal surface are each positioned on the first, open, end piece.        11. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 9 and 10        wherein: (a) the first radially directed seal surface has a        largest seal perimeter undistorted cross-sectional size at least        5 mm smaller than the second radially directed seal surface        undistorted longest cross-sectional size.        12. A filter cartridge according to claim 11 wherein: (a) the        first radially directed seal surface has a largest seal        perimeter undistorted cross-sectional size at least 10 mm        smaller than the second radially directed seal surface        undistorted largest cross-sectional size.        13. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 11 and 12        wherein: (a) the first radially directed seal surface has a        largest seal perimeter undistorted cross-sectional size at least        20 mm smaller than the second radially directed seal surface        undistorted largest cross-sectional size.        14. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 11-13        wherein: (a) the first radially directed seal surface has a        largest seal perimeter undistorted cross-sectional size at least        30 mm smaller than the second radially directed seal surface.        15. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 9-14        wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends and the first        and second seal surfaces are positioned adjacent the first media        end; (b) the first radially directed seal surface has a first        maximum axial reach, in a direction away from the media second        end; and, (c) the second radially directed seal surface has a        second maximum axial reach, in a direction away from the media        second end; (i) the first maximum axial reach being greater than        the second maximum axial reach.        16. A filter cartridge according to claim 15 wherein: (a) the        first maximum axial reach is at least 1 mm greater than the        second maximum axial reach.        17. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 15-16        wherein: (a) the first maximum axial reach is at least 2 mm        greater than the second axial reach.        18. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 9-14        wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends and the first        and second seal surface are positioned adjacent the first media        end; (b) the first radially directed seal surface is on a        portion of an end piece having a first maximum axial reach, in a        direction away from the media second end; and, (c) the second        radially directed seal surface is on a portion of an end piece        having a second maximum axial reach, in a direction away from        the media second end; (i) the second maximum axial reach being        greater than the first maximum axial reach.        19. A filter cartridge according to claim 18 wherein: (a) the        second maximum axial reach is at least 1 mm greater than the        first maximum axial reach.        20. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 18-19        wherein: (a) the second maximum axial reach is at least 2 mm        greater than the first axial reach.        21. An air filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-20        wherein: (a) the cartridge includes a first, open, end piece;        and, (b) the first end piece includes a molded-in-place portion        having a portion of the media embedded therein.        22. A filter cartridge according to claim 21 wherein: (a) the        first seal surface comprises a surface portion of the        molded-in-place portion.        23. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-22        wherein: (a) the housing seal arrangement, on the first end        piece, includes a second radially directed seal arrangement        having a second seal surface; and, (b) the second radially        directed seal surface is an outwardly directed radial seal        surface positioned around an outer perimeter of the first end        piece.        24. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-23        wherein: (a) the cartridge includes a receiving groove therein;        and, (b) the first seal surface comprises a side surface portion        of the receiving groove.        25. A filter cartridge according to claim 24 wherein: (a) the        receiving groove is positioned in a first end piece; and, (b)        the receiving groove is at least 5 mm deep from a nearest        adjacent outer axial end surface of the first end piece.        26. A filter cartridge according to claim 25 wherein: (a) the        receiving groove is at least 8 mm deep from a nearest adjacent        outer axial end surface of the first end piece.        27. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 25-26        wherein: (a) the receiving groove has a maximum depth with the        range of 10 to 35 mm, from a nearest adjacent outer end axial        surface of the first end piece.        28. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 24-27        wherein: (a) the receiving groove has opposite inner and outer        sidewall sections spaced at least 3 mm apart in at least a        portion of a deepest 30% of the receiving groove.        29. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 24-28        wherein: (a) the receiving groove has opposite inner and outer        sidewall sections spaced at least 4 mm apart in at least a        portion of a deepest 30% of the receiving groove.        30. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-29        wherein: (a) the cartridge includes a molded-in-place portion        with a first seal support embedded therein; and, (b) the seal        arrangement comprises a first surface portion of the        molded-in-place portion that, when undistorted, is spaced        radially no more than 20 mm from the first seal support.        31. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-30        wherein: (a) the cartridge includes a molded-in-place portion        with a first seal support embedded therein; and, (b) the seal        arrangement comprises a first surface portion of the        molded-in-place portion that is spaced radially, when        undistorted, no more than 15 mm from the first seal support.        32. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-31        wherein: (a) the cartridge includes a molded-in-place portion        with a first seal support embedded therein; and, (b) the seal        arrangement is configured to compress a first surface portion        thereof, maximally, at least 10% in compression toward the first        seal support, in installation.        33. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-33        wherein: (a) the cartridge includes a molded-in-place portion        with a first seal support embedded therein; and, (b) the seal        arrangement is configured to compress a first surface portion        thereof, maximally, at least 15% in compression radially toward        the first seal support, in installation.        34. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 32 and 33        wherein: (a) the seal arrangement is configured for an amount of        compression, maximally, of the first surface portion within the        range of 15-30% toward the first seal support, in installation.        35. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-34        wherein: (a) the housing seal arrangement includes a second        radially directed seal arrangement having a second seal        surface; (b) the cartridge includes a molded-in-place portion        with a second seal support embedded therein; and, (c) the second        seal arrangement comprises a surface portion of the        molded-in-place portion spaced radially no more than 10 mm from        the second seal support.        36. A filter cartridge according to claim 35 wherein: (a) the        second seal arrangement comprises a surface portion of the        molded-in-place portion spaced radially no more than 8 mm from        the second seal support.        37. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-36        wherein: (a) the housing seal arrangement includes a second        radially directed seal arrangement having a second seal surface;        and, (b) the cartridge includes a molded-in-place portion with a        second seal support embedded therein; and, (c) the second seal        arrangement is configured to compress a surface portion thereof,        maximally, at least 3% in compression toward the second seal        support.        38. A filter cartridge according to claim 37 wherein: (a) the        second seal arrangement is configured to compress a surface        portion thereof, maximally, at least 5% in compression radially        toward the second seal support.        39. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 37 and 38        wherein: (a) the second seal arrangement is configured for a        maximum amount of compression of a surface portion thereof        within the range of 5-20%, inclusive, in compression toward the        second seal support.        40. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-39        wherein: (a) the cartridge includes a molded-in-place portion        with first and second seal supports embedded therein; (b) the        first seal is configured to compress against the first seal        support; and, (c) the housing seal arrangement includes a second        radially discussed seal having a second seal surface; the second        seal surface being configured to compress against the second        seal support.        41. A filter cartridge according to claim 40 wherein: (a) the        first and second seal supports are portions of a single,        integral, support structure embedded in the molded-in-place        portion.        42. A filter cartridge according to claim 41 wherein: (a) the        first and second seal supports are not portions of a single        integral support structure.        43. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-42        wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends and the first        seal arrangement is positioned adjacent the first media end (b)        the housing seal arrangement includes a second radially directed        seal arrangement having a second seal surface; the second seal        arrangement being positioned adjacent the first media end;        and, (c) the second seal surface includes at least a portion        that extends axially toward the second end of the media at least        2 mm further than any portion of the first seal surface.        44. A filter cartridge according to claim 43 wherein: (a) the        second seal surface includes at least a portion that extends        axially toward the second end of the media at least 4 mm further        than any portion of the first seal surface.        45. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-44        wherein: (a) the media surrounds and defines an open filter        interior; and, (b) a media support is positioned within the open        filter interior.        46. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-45        wherein: (a) the media surrounds and defines an open filter        interior; and, (b) a resonator/sonic choke is positioned within        the open filter interior.        47. A filter cartridge according to claim 46 wherein: (a) the        resonator/sonic choke includes: a first end embedded in the        first end piece; a central throat; a transition region; and, a        perforate end region adjacent an opposite end of the        resonator/sonic choke from the first end piece.        48. An air filter cartridge according to claim 47 wherein: (a)        the transition region extends between the central throat and the        perforate end region and includes a sidewall section with an        outwardly directed concave region and an outwardly directed        convex region; (i) the outwardly concave region being adjacent        the central throat; and, (ii) the outwardly convex region being        adjacent the liner section and being at least 40% open.        49. A filter cartridge according to claim 48 wherein: (a) the        outwardly concave region of the resonator/sonic choke has a        surface radius of at least 25 mm.        50. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 48 and 49        wherein: (a) the outwardly directed convex region of the        resonator/sonic choke has a surface radius of within the range        of 26-35 mm, inclusive.        51. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 47-50        wherein: (a) the central throat has an inner diameter within the        range of 27-35 mm, inclusive.        52. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 47-51        wherein: (a) the resonator/sonic choke includes a funnel section        expanding in width in extension between the throat and the first        end piece.        53. A filter cartridge according to claim 52 wherein: (a) the        funnel section has a funnel angle of at least 5°.        54. A filter cartridge according to claim 53 wherein: (a) the        funnel section has a funnel angle within the range of 6-8°.        55. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 46-55        wherein: (a) the resonator/sonic choke is integral with seal        support structure embedded in molded-in-place end piece        material.        56. A filter cartridge according to claim 45 wherein: (a) the        media support is integral with seal support structure embedded        in molded-in-place end piece material.        57. A filter cartridge according to claim 45 wherein: (a) the        media support is not integral with seal support structure        embedded in molded-in-place end piece material.        58. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-51        wherein: (a) the media is pleated.        59. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-58        including: (a) a seal support structure having: (i) a central        hub; and (ii) a strut arrangement projecting radially outwardly        from the central hub.        60. A filter cartridge according to claim 59 wherein: (a) the        strut arrangement comprises a plurality of ribs extending at an        angle of at least 0.5°, in a direction away from the media in        radial extension away from the central hub.        61. A filter cartridge according to claim 60 wherein: (a) the        strut arrangement comprises a plurality of ribs extending at an        angle of at least 1°, in a direction away from the media in        radial extension away from the central hub.        62. A filter cartridge according to claim 61 wherein: (a) the        strut arrangement comprises a plurality of ribs extending at an        angle of within the range of 1°-3°, inclusive, in a direction        away from the media in radial extension away from the central        hub.        63. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 59-62        wherein: (a) the seal support structure includes an outer ring        with the strut arrangement extending between the control hub and        the outer ring.        64. A filter cartridge according to claim 63 wherein: (a) the        outer ring includes a seal support region extending over an        axial length of 5-15 mm, inclusive.        65. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 59-64        wherein: (a) the central hub includes a base region adjacent the        media with a resin flow aperture arrangement therethrough.        66. A filter cartridge according to claim 65 wherein: (a) the        support structure includes a central ring surrounded by, and        spaced from, the central hub base region; the central ring        forming a trough with the central hub.        67. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 60-66        wherein: (a) the central hub comprises a plurality of outwardly        curved convex sections alternating with inwardly curved concave        sections.        68. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-67        wherein: (a) the cartridge includes a first member of a        cartridge-to-outlet tube rotational alignment arrangement        thereon.        69. A filter cartridge according to claim 68 wherein: (a) the        cartridge-to-outlet tube rotational alignment arrangement        comprises a radial projection arrangement.        70. A filter cartridge according to claim 69 wherein: (a) the        radial projection arrangement comprises a plurality of radial        projections.        71. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 69 and 70        wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends and the first        seal surface is positioned on the media first end; and, (b) the        radial projection arrangement comprises at least one        non-circular radial projection having a first narrow end and a        wider portion; the first narrow end being positioned further        from the media second end than the wider portion.        72. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 69-71        wherein: (a) the radial projection arrangement comprises a        plurality of u-shaped radial projections.        73. A filter cartridge according to claim 72 wherein: (a) each        u-shaped projection is oriented with a central portion of the        u-shape directed away from the second end of the media.        74. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 69-73        wherein: (a) the radial projection arrangement comprises a        number of projections within the range of 2-10 inclusive.        75. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 69-74        wherein: (a) the radial projection arrangement comprises 3-8,        inclusive, projections.        76. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 68-75        wherein: (a) the cartridge includes a first, open, end cap        surrounding a central aperture; and, (b) the first member of a        cartridge-to-outlet the rotational alignment arrangement is        positioned in the central aperture.        77. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-76        wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends; and, (b) a        closed end cap positioned at the second end of the media.        78. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-76        wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends; and, (b) an        open end cap is positioned at the second end of the media.        79. A filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein: (a) the        media comprises a plurality of flutes extending between first        and second, opposite, flow faces.        80. A filter cartridge according to claim 79 wherein: (a) the        housing seal arrangement is positioned adjacent one of the first        and second, opposite, flow faces.        81. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 79 and 80        wherein: (a) the media comprises a coiled arrangement of a media        strip comprising a fluted sheet secured to a facing sheet.        82. A filter cartridge according to claim 79 wherein: (a) the        media comprises a stack of strips of media, a plurality of the        strips each comprising a fluted sheet secured to a facing sheet.        83. A filter cartridge according to claim 82 wherein: (a) the        stack of strips includes an end piece positioned on a side of        the stack of strips; (i) the end piece having a flow aperture        therethrough; and, (b) the first radially directed seal        surrounds the flow aperture.        84. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 78-83        wherein: (a) the first radially directed seal surface comprises        at least radially outwardly projecting sections alternating with        at least four radially inwardly projecting sections.        85. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 78-84        wherein: (a) the first radially directed seal surface comprises        a first radially outwardly directed seal surface.        86. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 78-85        wherein: (a) the housing seal arrangement includes a second        radially directed seal arrangement having a second radially        directed seal surface.        87. A filter cartridge according to claim 86 wherein: (a) the        first radially directed seal surface and the second radially        directed seal surface are each positioned on the first, open,        end piece.        88. A filter cartridge according to claim 87 wherein: (a) the        first radially directed seal surface has a largest seal        perimeter undistorted cross-sectional size at least 5 mm smaller        than the second radially directed seal surface undistorted        longest cross-sectional size.        89. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 1-88        wherein: (a) the cartridge is configured as a gas filter        cartridge.        90. An air filter cartridge comprising: (a) media; (b) a first        end piece; and, (c) a clampless housing seal arrangement        positioned on the first end piece; the housing seal arrangement        comprising: (i) a first radially directed seal surface having at        least three, spaced, radially outwardly projecting, seal surface        sections.        91. A filter cartridge according to claim 80 wherein: (a) the        housing seal arrangement comprises at least four, spaced,        radially outwardly projecting seal surface sections.        92. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 90 and 91        wherein: (a) the housing seal arrangement comprises 4-12,        spaced, radially outwardly projecting, seal surface sections.        93. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 90-92        wherein: (a) the spaced, radially outwardly projecting, seal        surface sections are evenly radially spaced around a cartridge        central axis.        94. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 90-93        wherein: (a) the radially outwardly projecting seal surface        sections are spaced from one another by radially inwardly        projecting seal surface sections.        95. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 90-94        wherein: (a) the first radially directed seal surface comprises        a radially outwardly directed seal surface.        96. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 90-95        wherein: (a) the first end piece is a first, open, end cap; (b)        the media surrounds a central open interior.        97. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 90-96        wherein: (a) the housing seal arrangement includes a second,        perimeter, housing radial seal positioned surrounding, and        spaced from, the first radially directed seal surface.        98. A filter cartridge comprising: (a) media; (b) a first end        piece positioned on the media; and, (c) a housing seal        arrangement positioned on the first end piece; the housing seal        arrangement comprising: a first radially outwardly directed seal        arrangement having a first seal surface; and, a second radially        outwardly directed seal arrangement having a second seal        surface; (i) the first seal surface having at least a portion        spaced radially at least 10 mm from the second seal surface.        99. A filter cartridge according to claim 98 wherein: (a) the        first radially directed seal surface has a seal perimeter        largest cross-sectional size at least 10 mm smaller than the        second radially directed seal surface.        100. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98 and 99        wherein: (a) the first radially directed seal surface has a        largest seal perimeter cross-sectional size at least 15 mm        smaller than the second radially directed seal surface.        101. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-100        wherein: (a) the first end piece includes a molded-in-place        portion having a first end of the media embedded therein;        and, (b) the first seal surface and the second seal surface each        comprises a surface portion of the molded-in-place portion.        102. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-101        wherein: (a) the first end piece includes a receiver groove        positioned between the first radially outwardly directed seal        arrangement and the second radially outwardly directed seal        arrangement.        103. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-102        wherein: (a) the second radially directed seal surface is an        outwardly directed radial seal surface positioned around an        outer perimeter of the first end piece.        104. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-103        wherein: (a) the first end piece includes a receiving groove        therein; and, (b) the first seal surface comprises a side        surface portion of the receiving groove.        105. A filter cartridge according to claim 104 wherein: (a) the        receiving groove is at least 5 mm deep from a nearest adjacent        outer axial end surface of the first end piece.        106. A filter cartridge according to claim 105 wherein: (a) the        receiving groove is at least 8 mm deep from a nearest adjacent        outer axial end surface of the first end piece.        107. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 104-106        wherein: (a) the receiving groove has a maximum depth with the        range of 10 to 25 mm, from a nearest adjacent outer end axial        surface of the first end piece.        108. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 104-107        wherein: (a) the receiving groove has opposite inner and outer        sidewall sections spaced at least 3 mm apart in at least portion        of a deepest 30% of the receiving groove.        109. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 104-108        wherein: (a) the receiving groove has opposite inner and outer        sidewall sections spaced at least 4 mm apart in at least portion        of a deepest 30% of the receiving groove.        110. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 104-108        wherein: (a) the receiving groove has opposite inner and outer        sidewall sections spaced no more 15 mm apart in at least a        deepest 30% of the receiving groove.        111. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 104-110        wherein: (a) the receiving groove has opposite inner and outer        sidewall sections spaced no more 15 mm apart in at least a        deepest 35% of the receiving groove.        112. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 104-111        wherein: (a) the receiving groove includes an outer end section        with a maximum opening width between inner and outer surface        portions of at least 5 mm.        113. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 104-112        wherein: (a) the groove includes an outer end section with a        maximum opening width between inner and outer surface portions        of at least 7 mm.        114. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-113        wherein: (a) the first end piece includes a molded-in-place        portion with a first seal support embedded therein; and, (b) the        first seal arrangement comprises a surface portion of the first        end piece, when undistorted, spaced radially no more than 20 mm        from the first seal support.        115. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-114        wherein: (a) the first end piece includes a molded-in-place        portion with a first seal support embedded therein; and, (b) the        first seal arrangement comprises a surface portion of the first        end piece spaced radially, when undistorted, no more than 15 mm        from the first seal support.        116. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-115        wherein: (a) the first end piece includes a molded-in-place        portion with a first seal support embedded therein; and, (b) the        first seal arrangement is configured to compress a surface        portion thereof, maximally, at least 10% in compression toward        the first seal support, in installation.        117. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-116        wherein: (a) the first end piece includes a molded-in-place        portion with a first seal support embedded therein; and, (b) the        first seal arrangement is configured to compress a surface        portion thereof, maximally, at least 15% in compression toward        the first seal support, in installation.        118. A filter cartridge according to claim 117 wherein: (a) the        first seal arrangement is configured for a maximum amount of        compression, within the range of 15-30%, inclusive, toward the        first seal support, in installation.        119. A filter cartridge according to claim 118 wherein: (a) the        first seal arrangement is configured for a maximum amount of        compression, within the range of 20-30%, inclusive, toward the        first seal support.        120. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-119        wherein: (a) the first end piece includes a molded-in-place        portion with a second seal support embedded therein; and, (b)        the second seal arrangement comprises a surface portion of the        first end piece spaced radially no more than 10 mm from the        second seal support.        121. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-120        wherein: (a) the first end piece includes a molded-in-place        portion with a second seal support embedded therein; and, (b)        the second seal arrangement comprises a surface portion of the        second end piece spaced radially no more than 8 mm from the        second seal support.        122. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-121        wherein: (a) the first end piece includes a molded-in-place        portion with a second seal support embedded therein; and, (b)        the second seal arrangement is configured to compress a surface        portion thereof, maximally, at least 3% in compression toward        the second seal support.        123. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-122        wherein: (a) the first end piece includes a molded-in-place        portion with a second seal support embedded therein; and, (b)        the second seal arrangement is configured to compress a surface        portion thereof, maximally, at least 5% in compression toward        the second seal support.        124. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 122 and        123 wherein: (a) the second seal arrangement is configured for a        maximum amount of compression within the range of 5-20%,        inclusive, in compression toward the second seal support.        125. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-124        wherein: (a) the second seal surface includes at least a portion        that extends axially toward the second end of the media at least        2 mm farther than any portion of the first seal surface.        126. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-126        wherein: (a) the second seal surface includes at least a portion        that extends axially toward the second end of the media at least        4 mm farther than any portion of the first seal surface.        127. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-126        wherein: (a) the media surrounds and defines an open filter        interior; and, (b) a resonator/sonic choke is positioned within        the open filter interior.        128. A filter cartridge according to claim 127 wherein: (a) the        resonator/sonic choke includes: a first end embedded in the        first end piece; a central throat; a transition region; and, a        perforate end region adjacent an opposite end of the        resonator/sonic choke from the first end piece.        129. A filter cartridge according to claim 128 wherein: (a) the        transition region extends between the central throat and the        perforate end region and includes a sidewall section with an        outwardly directed concave region and an outwardly directed        convex region; (i) the outwardly concave region being adjacent        the central throat; and, (ii) the outwardly convex region being        adjacent the liner section and being at least 40% open.        130. A filter cartridge according to claim 129 wherein: (a) the        outwardly concave region has a surface radius of at least 25 mm.        131. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 129 and        130 wherein: (a) the outwardly directed convex region has a        surface radius of within the range of 26-35 mm, inclusive.        132. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 129-131        wherein: (a) the central throat has an inner diameter within the        range of 27-35 mm, inclusive.        133. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 129-132        wherein: (a) the resonator/sonic choke includes a funnel section        expanding in width in extension between the throat and the first        end cap.        134. A filter cartridge according to claim 133 wherein: (a) the        funnel section has a funnel angle of at least 5°.        135. A filter cartridge according to claim 134 wherein: (a) the        funnel section has a funnel angle within the range of 6-8°.        136. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-135        wherein: (a) the media is pleated.        137. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-136        including: (a) a seal support structure embedded in the first        end piece; the seal support structure including: (i) a central        hub; and (ii) a strut arrangement extending radially outwardly        from the central hub.        138. A filter cartridge according to claim 137 wherein: (a) the        strut arrangement comprises a plurality of ribs extending at an        angle of at least 0.5°, in a direction away from the media and        in extension away from the central hub.        139. A filter cartridge according to claim 138 wherein: (a) the        strut arrangement comprises a plurality of ribs extending at an        angle of at least 1°, in a direction away from the media and in        extension away from the central hub.        140. A filter cartridge according to claim 139 wherein: (a) the        strut arrangement comprises a plurality of ribs extending at an        angle of within the range of 1°-3°, inclusive, in a direction        away from the media and in extension away from the central hub.        141. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 138-140        wherein: (a) the seal support includes an outer ring.        142. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 138-141        wherein: (a) the central hub includes a base region adjacent the        media with a resin flow aperture arrangement therethrough.        143. A filter cartridge according to claim 142 wherein: (a) the        support structure includes a central ring surrounded by, and        spaced from, the central hub base region; the central ring        forming a trough with the central hub.        144. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-143        including: (a) a second end piece at second end of the media;        the second end piece being closed.        145. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 138-144        wherein: (a) the first seal surface defines a non-circular seal        perimeter.        146. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims        98-145: (a) the media surrounds and defines an open filter        interior; and, (b) the first end piece is an open end cap.        147. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-148        wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends; the first end        piece being positioned on the first end of the media; (b) the        first radially directed seal surface is on a portion of the        first end piece having a first maximum axial reach, in a        direction away from the media second end; and, (c) the second        radially directed seal surface is on a portion of the first end        piece having a second maximum axial reach, in a direction away        from the media second end; (i) the first maximum axial reach        being greater than the second maximum axial reach.        148. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-147        wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends; the first end        piece being positioned on the first end of the media; (b) the        first radially directed seal surface is on a portion of a first        end piece having a first maximum axial reach, in a direction        away from the media second end; and, (c) the second radially        directed seal surface is on a portion of the first end piece        having a second maximum axial reach, in a direction away from        the media second end; (i) the first maximum axial reach being at        least 1 mm greater than the second maximum axial reach.        149. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-148        wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends; the first end        piece being positioned on the first end of the media; (b) the        first radially directed seal surface is on a portion of the        first end piece having a first maximum axial reach, in a        direction away from the media second end; and, (c) the second        radially directed seal surface is on a portion of the first end        piece having a second maximum axial reach, in a direction away        from the media second end; (i) the first maximum axial reach        being at least 2 mm greater than the second maximum axial reach.        150. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 98-147        wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends; the first end        piece being positioned on the first end of the media; (b) the        first radially directed seal surface is on a portion of the        first end piece having a first maximum axial reach, in a        direction away from the media second end; and, (c) the second        radially directed seal surface is on a portion of the first end        piece having a second maximum axial reach, in a direction away        from the media second end; (i) the second maximum axial reach        being greater than the first maximum axial reach.        151. A filter cartridge according to claim 150 wherein: (a) the        media has first and second ends; the first end piece being        positioned on the first end of the media; (b) the first radially        directed seal surface is on a portion of the first end piece        having a first maximum axial reach, in a direction away from the        media second end; and, (c) the second radially directed seal        surface is on a portion of the first end piece having a second        maximum axial reach, in a direction away from the media second        end; (i) the second maximum axial reach being at least 1 mm        greater than the second maximum axial reach.        152. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 150-151        wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends; the first end        piece being positioned on the first end of the media; (b) the        first radially directed seal surface is on a portion of the        first end piece having a first maximum axial reach, in a        direction away from the media second end; and, (c) the second        radially directed seal surface is on a portion of the first end        piece having a second maximum axial reach, in a direction away        from the media second end; (i) the second maximum axial reach        being at least 2 mm greater than the second maximum axial reach.        153. A air filter cartridge comprising: (a) media; (b) a first        end piece positioned at the first end of the media; (i) the        first end piece having a molded-in-place portion; (ii) the first        end piece having an outer perimeter surface defining a housing        seal arrangement; and, (iii) the first end piece including a        receiving groove in the molded-in-place portion having a depth        of at least 5 mm from a nearest outer axial and surface of the        first end piece.        154. A filter cartridge according to claim 153 wherein: (a) the        media defines first and second ends; and, (b) the first end        piece is positioned on the media first end.        155. A filter cartridge according to claim 154 including: (a) a        second end piece at the second end of the media.        156. A filter cartridge according to claim 153 wherein: (a) the        second end piece is a closed end cap.        157. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 153-156        wherein: (a) the media surrounds and defines an open filter        interior; and, (b) the first end piece is an open end cap with        the first end of the end is embedded therein.        158. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 153-157        wherein: (a) the receiving groove has a depth of at least 10 mm        from a nearest outer axial end surface of the first end piece.        159. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 153-158        wherein: (a) a portion of a sidewall surface of the receiving        groove is a housing radial seal surface.        160. A filter cartridge according to claim 159 wherein: (a) a        radially inner sidewall of the receiving groove defines an        outwardly directed housing radial seal.        161. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 153-160        including: (a) a seal support embedded in the first end piece.        162. A filter cartridge according to claim 161 including: (a)        the seal support comprises a central hub and a strut arrangement        extending radially outwardly from the central hub.        163. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 153-163        wherein: (a) the receiving groove has a radially inner surface        defining a radially outwardly directed, non-circular, housing        seal comprising a plurality of spaced, radially outwardly        projecting, seal sections.        164. An air filter cartridge comprising: (a) media having first        and second ends; (b) a first end piece including a        molded-in-place portion positioned at the first end of the        media; (i) the first end piece having first and second, radial        seal surfaces; and, (c) a seal support structure embedded in the        first end piece; the seal support structure including: (i) a        first seal support ring embedded in the first end piece at a        location adjacent to, and spaced from, the first seal        surface; (ii) the first seal surface being smaller than an outer        perimeter of the media at the first end.        165. A filter cartridge according to claim 164 wherein: (a) the        seal support structure includes a second seal support ring        surrounding, and spaced from, the first support ring; the second        seal support ring being embedded in the first end piece at a        location adjacent to, and spaced from, the second seal surface.        166. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 164 and        165 wherein: (a) the first seal support ring is non-circular.        167. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 104-166        wherein: (a) the first seal surface is a radially outwardly        directed seal surface.        168. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 164-167        wherein: (a) the first seal surface is a sidewall surface of a        groove positioned in the first end piece.        169. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 164-168        wherein: (a) the second seal surface is an outer perimeter        surface portion of the first end piece.        170. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 132-137        wherein: (a) the media surrounds and defines an open filter        interior; and, (b) the first end piece is a first end cap having        the first end of the media embedded therein.        171. A filter cartridge comprising: (a) media having first and        second ends; (b) a first end piece including a molded-in-place        portion at the media first end; (i) the first end piece defining        first and second, radially spaced, seal surfaces; (c) a seal        support embedded in the first end piece and having a first        support ring located adjacent to, and spaced from, one of the        first and second, radially spaced, seal surfaces.        172. A filter cartridge according to claim 171 wherein: (a) the        media surrounds and defines an open filter interior; and, (b)        the first end piece is a first end cap having the first end of        the media embedded therein.        173. A filter cartridge comprising: (a) media having first and        second ends; the media surrounding and defining an open filter        interior; (b) first and second end caps positioned at first and        second ends, respectively, of the media; (i) the first end cap        being open; (c) a support surrounded by the media; the support        including a sonic choke with: (i) a throat; (ii) an expanding        funnel section between the throat and the first end cap; (iii) a        permeable liner section adjacent the second end cap; and, (iv) a        transition region between the throat and the liner section; (A)        an outwardly convex, permeable, section adjacent the liner        section; and, (B) an outwardly concave section adjacent the        throat.        174. A filter cartridge according to claim 172 wherein: (a) the        second end cap is closed.        175. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 173-174        wherein: (a) the throat has an inner diameter within the range        of 27-35 mm, inclusive.        176. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 173-175        wherein: (a) the funnel section has an internal angle within the        range of 6-8°, inclusive, in expansion from the throat to the        first end cap.        177. A filter cartridge surrounding to any one of claims 173-176        wherein: (a) the funnel section is impermeable.        178. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 173-177        wherein: (a) the outwardly concave section of the transition        region is impermeable.        179. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 173-178        wherein: (a) the outwardly concave section of the transition        region has an outer radius of curvature of at least 25 mm.        180. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 173-179        wherein: (a) the outwardly concave section of the transition        region has an outer radius of curvature within the range of        26-35 mm, inclusive.        181. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 173-180        wherein: (a) the outwardly convex section of the transition        region has a radius of curvature of at least 10 mm.        182. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 173-181        wherein: (a) the outwardly convex section of the transition        region has a radius of curvature within the range of 12-18 mm,        inclusive.        183. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 173-182        wherein: (a) the outwardly convex section of the transition        region is at least 40% open.        184. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 173-183        wherein: (a) the outwardly convex section of the transition        region is at least 50% open.        185. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 173-184        wherein: (a) the first end cap includes a molded-in-place        portion; and, (b) the seal support structure is embedded in the        first end cap.        186. A filter cartridge according to claim 185 wherein: (a) the        seal support structure is secured to the support surrounded by        the media.        187. A filter cartridge comprising: (a) media having first and        second ends; (b) a first end piece positioned at the first end        of the media; (c) a housing seal arrangement positioned on the        first end piece; the housing seal arrangement comprising: (i) a        first radially directed seal surface having at least two        radially outwardly projection seal surface sections alternating        with radially inwardly projecting seal surface sections; and (d)        a first member of a cartridge-to-outlet tube rotational        alignment arrangement.        188. A filter cartridge according to claim 187 wherein: (a) the        first member of a cartridge-to-outlet tube rotational alignment        arrangement comprises a radially inwardly projecting radial        projection arrangement.        189. A cartridge according to claim 188 wherein: (a) the radial        projection arrangement comprises a plurality of radial        projections.        190. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 188 and        189 wherein: (a) the radial projection arrangement comprises a        at least one non-circular radial projection having a first        portion and a second portion; the first portion being further        from the media second end than the first portion; and, the first        portion being narrower than the second portion.        191. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 188-190        wherein: (a) the radial projection arrangement comprises at        least one u-shaped radial projections.        192. A filter cartridge according to claim 191 wherein: (a) each        u-shaped radial projection is oriented with a central narrow        portion of the u-shape directed away from the second end of the        media.        193. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 188-192        wherein: (a) the radial projection arrangement comprises a        number of projections within the range of 2-10, inclusive.        194. A filter cartridge according to claim 193 wherein: (a) the        radial projection arrangement comprises 3-8, inclusive,        projections.        195. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 187-194        including: (a) a closed end cap positioned at the second end of        the media.        196. A filter cartridge arrangement according to any one of        claims 187-195 wherein: (a) the media surrounds and defines an        open filter interior; and, (b) the first member of the        cartridge-to-outlet tube rotational alignment arrangement is        positioned within the open filter interior.        197. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 155-164        wherein: (a) the first end piece comprises an end cap with a        central aperture; (b) the first member of the        cartridge-to-outlet tube rotational alignment arrangement is        positioned in the central aperture.        198. A filter assembly comprising: (a) a housing having a gas        flow inlet and a gas flow outlet and comprising a body section        and an access cover; and, (b) a filter cartridge according to        any one of claims 1-197 operably and removably positioned within        the housing.        199. A filter assembly according to claim 198 wherein: (a) the        body section has a flow tube secured thereto with a joint        between the housing body section and the flow tube; and, (b) the        first end piece of the air filter cartridge includes an end        receiving groove therein into which a portion of the joint        between the housing body section and the flow tube projects.        200. A filter assembly according to claim 199 wherein: (a) the        air filter cartridge is removably sealed to the flow tube by a        seal positioned along a sidewall of the receiving groove.        201. A filter assembly according to any one of claims 199 and        200 wherein: (a) the filter cartridge is not sealed directly to        the body section, other than to the flow tube, by any portion of        the first end cap that is positioned within the receiving        groove.        202. A filter assembly according to any one of claims 199 and        201 wherein: (a) the first end piece includes a perimeter radial        seal thereon removably sealed to a surrounding portion of the        body section.        203. A filter assembly according to any one of claims 199-202        wherein: (a) the flow tube includes an inner section having        inner end projection toward the access cover; (i) the inner end        of the flow tube having a receiver recess therein; and, (b) the        air filter cartridge includes an interior with a projection        arrangement thereon; (i) the projection arrangement projecting        into the receiver recess.        204. A filter assembly according to claim 203 wherein: (a) the        projection arrangement comprises a plurality of radially        inwardly projecting projections; and, (b) the inner end of the        flow tube has a plurality of receiver recesses therein; (i) the        air filter cartridge being positioned with each projection        extending into one of the recesses.        205. A filter assembly according to claim 204 wherein: (a) there        are more recesses in the inner end of the flow tube than there        are projections in the projection arrangement.        206. A filter cartridge according to any one of claims 203-205        wherein: (a) the projection arrangement comprises at least one        non-circular radial projection having a first portion and a        second portion; the first portion being further from the media        second end than the second portion; and, the first portion being        narrower than the second portion.        207. A filter assembly according to any one of claims 202-206        wherein: (a) the projection arrangement comprises at least one        u-shaped radial projection.        208. A filter assembly according to claim 207 wherein: (a) each        u-shaped radial projection is oriented with a narrow, central,        portion of the u-shape directed away from the second end of the        media.        209. A method of forming an end piece of a filter cartridge; the        method comprising a step of: (a) radially indexing a support        having a non-circular seal support in a mold having a surface        configured to mold a non-circular seal surface by engaging a        central section of the support, with a central projection in the        mold, with a rotational indexing arrangement having a first        member on the support and a second member on the mold central        projection; and, (b) molding a molded-in-place portion of the        end cap in place on the non-circular seal support.        210. A method according to claim 209 wherein: (a) the step of        radially indexing comprises positioning a plurality of        projections on the support, one each projecting into one each of        a plurality of receivers on the central projection in the mold.

What is claimed:
 1. A filter cartridge comprising: (a) media; and, (b) ahousing seal arrangement comprising: (i) a first radially directed sealsurface having at least three radially outwardly projecting sectionsalternating with at least three, radially inwardly projecting sections.2. A filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein: (a) the media hasfirst and second ends; and, surrounds and defines an open filterinterior.
 3. A filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein: (a) themedia has first and second ends; (b) a first, open, end piece ispositioned at the first end of the media; and, (c) the housing sealarrangement is positioned on the first end piece.
 4. A filter cartridgeaccording to claim 1 wherein: (a) the first radially directed sealsurface comprises 4-12, inclusive, radially outwardly projectingsections alternating with 4-12, inclusive, radially inwardly projectingsections.
 5. A filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein: (a) thefirst radially directed seal surface comprises a first radiallyoutwardly directed seal surface.
 6. A filter cartridge according toclaim 1 wherein: (a) the housing seal arrangement includes a secondradially directed seal arrangement having a second radially directedseal surface.
 7. A filter cartridge according to claim 6 wherein: (a)the first radially directed seal surface has a largest seal perimeterundistorted cross-sectional size at least 5 mm smaller than the secondradially directed seal surface undistorted longest cross-sectional size.8. A filter cartridge according to claim 7 wherein: (a) the media hasfirst and second ends and the first and second seal surfaces arepositioned adjacent the first media end; (b) the first radially directedseal surface is on a portion of an end piece that has a first maximumaxial reach, in a direction away from the media second end; and, (c) thesecond radially directed seal surface is on a portion of an end piecethat has a second maximum axial reach, in a direction away from themedia second end; (i) the first maximum axial reach being greater thanthe second maximum axial reach.
 9. A filter cartridge according to claim7 wherein: (a) the media has first and second ends and the first andsecond seal surface are positioned adjacent the first media end; (b) thefirst radially directed seal surface is on a portion of an end piecehaving a first maximum axial reach, in a direction away from the mediasecond end; and, (c) the second radially directed seal surface is on aportion of an end piece having a second maximum axial reach, in adirection away from the media second end; (i) the second maximum axialreach being greater than the first maximum axial reach.
 10. A filtercartridge according to claim 1 wherein: (a) the cartridge includes areceiving groove therein; and, (b) the first seal surface comprises aside surface portion of the receiving groove.
 11. A filter cartridgeaccording to claim 1 wherein: (a) the media surrounds and defines anopen filter interior; and, (b) a media support is positioned within theopen filter interior.
 12. A filter cartridge according to claim 1wherein: (a) the media surrounds and defines an open filter interior;and, (b) a resonator/sonic choke is positioned within the open filterinterior.
 13. A filter cartridge according to claim 1 wherein: (a) thecartridge includes a first member of a cartridge-to-outlet tuberotational alignment arrangement thereon.
 14. A filter cartridgeaccording to claim 13 wherein: (a) the cartridge-to-outlet tuberotational alignment arrangement comprises a radial projectionarrangement.
 15. A filter cartridge according to claim 14 wherein: (a)the media has first and second ends and the first seal surface ispositioned on the media first end; and, (b) the radial projectionarrangement comprises at least one non-circular radial projection havinga first narrow end and a wider portion; the first narrow end beingpositioned further from the media second end than the wider portion. 16.An air filter cartridge comprising: (a) media; (b) a first end piece;and, (c) a clampless housing seal arrangement positioned on the firstend piece; the housing seal arrangement comprising: (i) a first radiallydirected seal surface having at least three, spaced, radially outwardlyprojecting, seal surface sections.
 17. An air filter cartridgecomprising: (a) media having first and second ends; (b) a first endpiece positioned at the first end of the media; (c) a housing sealarrangement positioned on the first end piece; the housing sealarrangement comprising: (i) a first radially directed seal surfacehaving at least two radially outwardly projection seal surface sectionsalternating with radially inwardly projecting seal surface sections; and(d) a first member of a cartridge-to-outlet tube rotational alignmentarrangement.
 18. A filter assembly comprising: (a) a housing having agas flow inlet and a gas flow outlet and comprising a body section andan access cover; and, (b) a filter cartridge according to claim 1operably and removably positioned within the housing.
 19. A method offorming an end piece of a filter cartridge; the method comprising a stepof: (a) radially indexing a support having a non-circular seal supportin a mold having a surface configured to mold a non-circular sealsurface by engaging a central section of the support, with a centralprojection in the mold, with a rotational indexing arrangement having afirst member on the support and a second member on the mold centralprojection; and, (b) molding a molded-in-place portion of the end cap inplace on the non-circular seal support.
 20. A method according to claim19 wherein: (a) the step of radially indexing comprises positioning aplurality of projections on the support, one each projecting into oneeach of a plurality of receivers on the central projection in the mold.